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1、英语句子成分主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Tomisagoodboy.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smoking
2、doesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage,（it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如：Hepracticesrunningevery2.复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成；
3、例如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehqscaughabadcold.（2）由（系动词表语丿构成。Wearehavingaquickbreakfast.（三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态；它一般位于系动词（如be,keep,remain,become,get.grow,turn,look,seem,feel，sm表语sou般d由t名st词等代词后。容语须和分词动词一词构成不定式复合谓语。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。例如：Mymotherisadoctor.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Th
4、eweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（现在分词）Thedoorisclosed.（过去分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone.（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthat.hehasneverbeenabroad.“（表语从句）.&（四）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和
5、介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavethree.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词）Ithink（that）heisfitforthisjob.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1
6、）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.=Lendyourdictionarytome,please.间宾直宾直宾间宾探可以带双宾语的动词有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell,lend,offer,buy,make,do等。Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.五）宾语补足语：用以补充说明宾语，并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句宾为：宾语补足语（可由名词、形容词、副词或介不定
7、式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongMing.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Iaskhimtogohomenow.（不定式）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Hefoundthedoorlocked.（过去分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewill“sponmakeourcitywhatyourcityis.now.（从句）丄（六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由
8、以下成分充当：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry.（现在分词）Americaisadevelopedcountry.（过去分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）Hismathsisverygood.（形容词性物主代词）Iamthelastpersontoleavetheclassroom.（不定式）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnGerm
9、an.、（介词短语）、（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式充当：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（现在分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howabout
10、meetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnighthedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.（条件状语从句）Mr.Smithlivedonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithabookinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语从句）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语从句）Iamtallerthanheis&-（比较状语从句）“.、（八）同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列的另一个名词或代词，对前者加以解释或说明的句子成分。它近乎于后置定语，对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，说明前面的词是“谁”、是“什么”等。同位语通常由名词、代词或从句等担当。例如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard.（名词）Weallarestudents.（代词）Ihavenoideawhenhewillsetout.（同位语从句）#
