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1、要掌握好三大从句（名词从句、状语从句和定语从句），需要了解句子的种类。按用途分陈述句来源:Z+xx+k.Com肯定句来源:学科网来源:学.科.网否定句疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句祈使句肯定句否定句感叹句what+名词how+形容词或副词how+句子How+adj.+a(an)+n.=What a(an)+adj.+n按结构分简单句主+谓主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直接宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+系+表并列句并列关系and， not onlybut also，neithernor，bothand， notbut转折关系but，while（而，尽管）nevertheless（然而；不过）等
2、选择关系or，otherwise，or else，eitheror等因果关系for，so，thus，therefore等复合句由主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分。用一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词的功能，这种句子被称为名词性从句。名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。名词性从句需要由不同的关联词来引导，和主句相连。种类关联词例 句说 明主语从句连词thatThat he will come and help you is certain.他来帮助你是确实无疑的。that在引导主语
3、从句时不可省去whetherWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。连接代词whowhatwhichwhateverWhat he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般连接副词whenwherewhyhowIt is known to
4、us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。宾语从句陈述意义thatI believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己
5、什么都好，别人什么都不好。that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。疑问意义ifwhetherI wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I dont know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好。wh
6、ether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。从句是否定句时一般用if引导。特殊疑问意义who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where, why,how,whoever,whatever,whicheverPlease tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么？She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的
7、支持。宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。注1如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。注2think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移到主句中。We dont think you are right. 我们认为你不对。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做的。表语从句连词thatwh
8、etheras ifThe problem is(that) they cant get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。It looks as if its going to rain.看起来天要下雨。在非正式的文体中that可以省去表语从句位于主句系动词之后连接代词whowhatwhichThats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。连接副词whenwherewhyhowThis is w
9、here our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。同位语从句由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that
10、 Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。特别注意：分隔式同位语从句：同位语从句常常直接放在抽象名词之后，但是当抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词及状语时，为了以平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，就出现了分隔式同位语从句。同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word
11、, proof， belief, story等。Word came last week that the bird flu has killed many people.上周有消息传来，禽流感已经导致许多人死亡。what引导名词从句的特殊含义“所的事”，相当于“the thing that；all that；everything that”What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.相当于“the time that”，表示“时间”After _seemed a very long time, I opened m
12、y eye and found myself in bed.A. what B. when C. that D. which表示“的人”，相当于“the person that”He is not what he was a few years ago.表示“的地方”，相当于“the place that”What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.表示“的数目”，相当于“the amount number that”Our income is now double what it was ten years a
13、go.A is to B what C is to D和What C is to D, A is to B的句型用来比较说明两种事物相同或相似的关系，起比喻作用，相当于连接词as，意为“正如”、“好比”、“就象一样”Water is to fish what air is to man.水对鱼的关系就象空气对人的关系一样。What food is to the body, a book is to the mind.书籍对于心灵犹如食物对于身体一样。含有形式宾语的名词从句的句型主语 think/consider/find/feel/makeitadj./n.that从句I really fin
14、d it a pity that you didnt come to the party.我发觉你没有来参加晚会的确是个遗憾。主语hate/dislike/love/likeitwhen从句表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我非常讨厌人们嘴里塞满了东西说话。主语appreciateitif从句I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.如果你能帮助我学习数学我真的很感激。主语see to it that从句：确保/务必You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.务必锁上门，你才可以离开实验室。主语rely on/ depend on it that从句：依靠You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接你的。_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD.
