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1、chap ter 13 geography 地理位置1. Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）2。The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. It is the fourth larges cou
2、ntry in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the larges t in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。4。The Rockies,the bac
3、kbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。5。The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly fr
4、om the northwest to southeast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。6。The Mississippi River is the largest river in American,over 6000 kilometers.TheMississippi has been called fa ther of wat ersor old man river密西西比河是美国最长河流，有被称作“众水之父”或“老人河”。7。The Ohio river has been called the American Ruhr,As in Germany, the area
5、along the river is rich in valuable deposits of high-grade coking coal and is well known for its steel industry.The river provides cheap water transportation for raw materials.俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河，就像德国一样，沿河有丰富的高品千周的焦煤，并且因其钢 铁而著名。另外，该河还为原材料提供了廉价的水路运输。8。On the Pacific side there are two great rivers:the Colo
6、rado in the south and the Columbia ,which rises in Canada.太平洋沿岸有两大河：科罗拉多河及哥伦比亚河。9。The Rio Grande River forms a natu ral boundary bet ween Mexico and the United Stat es. 格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的开然界河（本细节考选择和简答可能性大）10。the most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lak Superior,which
7、is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan ,the only entirely in the U.S.,Lake Huron,Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖：苏必利尔湖，密歇根湖，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖，其中，苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密歇根湖完全是美国境地内。11。美国气候概述1）A humid continenta
8、l climate（湿润的大陆性气候） is found in the north-eastern part of the country.2）In the south-eastern United States you can find a humid subtropical climate.湿 润的亚热带气候 东南部）3）The Pacific northwest is favored with a maritime climate海洋性气候-太平洋西北 岸）4）The southern part of the Pacific coast in California （加州太平洋沿岸南部）
9、has a Med it erranean clima te （地中海式气候）with warm,dry summers and mois t wint ers.12。Many factors besides latitude influence the climate in the United States.Perhaps the most important forces are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,the Gulf of Mexick ,and the Great Lakes.影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西泮，墨西哥湾，五大湖。
10、13。Traditionally from the east to the west the United States can be divided into seven geographical regions .美国从东到西可分为七个地理区。14。New English is made up of six states of the Northeast .Because of its stony soi it is not noted for its agriculture . Dairying is the most important farm activity. New Engli
11、sh is also well-known for its position in education ,Many famous universities and colleges such as Yale,Harvard,and Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） are located here.新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成，由于土壤多石，不利于农业生产，乳制品业是最重要的 农业活动，许多重点大学如耶鲁大学，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此。15。New Englanders were originally knows as Yankee
12、s,which came to stand for all American.新英格兰人最初曾被称作“美国佬：这一名称，后来渐渐指所有的美国人。（选择）16。The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the uni ted stat es.大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的1/5。17。The soil is rich,the rain usually plentiful and the growing season long,These factors make the Midwest
13、 Americas most important agricultural area .It is also a major manufacturing region and the nations leading center of heavy industry. 中西部地区是美国最重要的农业区，也是主要的制造业区各最主要的重工业区。18。Chicago,the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industrial and commercial center of the area.芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙
14、的港口，也是该地区最大的 工商业中心。19。Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world.Omaha is known as the agricul tural capi tal of the Uni ted stat es.底特律被称作“汽车之都，奥马哈被称作农 业之都。20。Dry farming ,irrigation farming,and the cattle and sheep herding are the main activities of the Great Plains of the American We
15、st.旱地农业，灌溉农业和牛羊牧业是美国西部大平原地区的主要活动。21。Colorado has been called the steel city of the west Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains.科罗拉多市被称作“西部钢城”丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市。22。the largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau. 美国最大的土著群落位于科罗拉多高原。23。Mmauna Loa,the worlds largest volcano,
16、is located on Hawaii and erupts from time to time,Sugar cane and pineapples are Hawaiis main crops.Tourism is Hawaiis most important industry.莫纳洛阿火山是世界最大和活火山，甘蔗和菠罗是夏威夷的两大作物， 旅游业是夏威夷最重要的产业。24。Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.火奴鲁鲁是夏威夷的首府，朱诺是阿拉斯加的首府。chap ter 14（14 章）popula tio n.Race and Et hnic groups 必背细节1. The United States of th
