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1、04介词(短语)2022英语备考纠错笔记纠错一 介词词义的误用(1)【误】The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.【正】 The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.分析over通常指“正对的上方，表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置；on指线上 或面上的接触点，仅在两个物体互相接触的情况
2、下表示“在上面”。(2)【误】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.iE In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.分析with表示用具体的工具,此处用by表示抽象的方式。by writing意为“通过写信”。 本题不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。注意造成以上错误的原因在于对词义接近的介词的用法不清，应加强其学习。纠错二介词搭配的误用(1)【误】
3、 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.【正】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.分析be rich in是固定搭配，意为“富含:根据语境可知，把of改为in。(2)【误】He got married with her last month.1E He got married to her last month.【正】He married her last month.分析get marrie
4、d to sb=marry sb为固定表达，意为“与某人结婚”。(3)【误】 Under the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.【正】 With the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.分析with the help of sb意为“在某人的帮助下”为固定短语。注意造成以上错误一方面在于不熟悉介词的语法功能和不同搭配，另一方面在于英 汉差异而致，如误区二第(2)处和第(3)处。平时应注意短语的积累，方能避免此类问题。纠错三介词的缺失错误(1)【误】If you hear the a
5、larm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.【正】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wail for your teacher to lead you outside.分析wait for是固定搭配，意为“等待”，由于其后有宾语your teacher,故需要加介 词 for。(2)【误】He is the man I just spoke.【正】 He is the man I just spoke to.分析man后
6、为省略了关系词的定语从句，对某人讲话为speak lo sb,故lo不可缺失。纠错四介词的冗余错误【误】 We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.【正】 We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.分析时间名词前有next, last等修饰时，一般不再用介词，lasl week前面不须加介词。注意造成以上错误的原因主要在于受汉语表达的影响，若想避免此类问题多背多练 是关键。二.真题演练1 .（2
7、020 江苏）Taki ng on this challenge will bring you someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in contact withD. inmemory of【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for 作为交换；B. in answer to 回答；C. in contact with 接触，与有联系；D. inmemory of纪念。根据空后someone who shar
8、es your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有 共同兴趣的人接触故选C。2 .（2020 .天津）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake a monkey.A. in the shape ofB. beyond the reach ofC. at the mercy ofD. on the side of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生II的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕C A. in the shape of 呈 形状；B. beyond the reach of 超出 的能力之外 C. at
9、the mercy of 受的支配；D. on the side ofjfflF,站在的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。3 .（2020 .浙江.语法填空）Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56, through agriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前1000（）年以后，人们第次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们 所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived 应是之前名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词
10、被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world, live in十名 词，意为“居住在某地故填in。4 .（2020 .全国卷 I .语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular interest （interesting） to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters （环形山），more so 65 the familiar near side.【答案】ihan【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more
11、 so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比更故填than。5 .（2020 .全国卷 II .语法填空）Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with【解析】考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with 与相联系。故填with。6 .（2020 .全国卷 III .语法填空）The artist was finally humbled （谦卑）by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.【答案
12、】on【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。 结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on eartho故填on.7 .（2020 .新高考全国 I 卷（山东）.语法填空）Museums must compele45 peopled sparetime and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是 固定短语:compele for,意为:“为了竞争故填for08 .（2019 江苏）Favorable policies are to encourage
13、 employees professionaldevelopment.A. in effect【答案】AB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in lum轮流，依次：D. in shape在外形上，处于良好 的状态。故选A。9 .（2019 浙江）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 this question is not clear
14、.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。thekey/answert。这是固定搭配，” 的答案是工故填2。10 .（2019 .新课标 I 卷）Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform （perform） consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations
15、作Modern methods的定语，用 of连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为” 的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北 极熊的方法用for。故填of/for。11 .（2018 .北京）一Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Td like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下 午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为为 预约”，是固定搭配,故A选项 正确。12 .（2018 .天津）Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不 写一份报告，但他终究去了。A.at firs
