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1、中考语法解说与练习14主谓一致英语语法是英语的重要部分，在中考的选择题、语法填空、改错、造句以及作文都会波及，本套练习从既有解说又有练习，是复习的好资料，提分的好助手。语法解说：一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 她们常常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：
2、指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表达单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人目前正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最接近她的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅教师喜欢踢足球，并且她的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There i
3、s a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和某些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 某些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has
4、 been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一种学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表达时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些一般作一种整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一种长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不
5、是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩均有一种座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一种半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用
6、单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分具有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一种
7、名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同她的爸爸去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像她的哥哥同样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一种人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种状况辨别如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一种人或物；a/the+单数名
8、词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一种人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和教师来了。(作家和教师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一种整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一种具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很和谐。 His family isn
9、t large. 她家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天人们到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 她有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, nei
10、ther, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 她们每人均有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对的。 14. 以s 结尾的名词自身不表达复数意义，谓语一般用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由
11、or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books
12、is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.
13、The number of the students is over eight houndred17以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词一般与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容词表达一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表达抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存
14、的。 三肯定与否认一致 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否认句时须作相应的变化。 Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us. He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either. Both of
15、us are going. Neither of us are going. He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词构造中须用倒装语序。 My wife like classic music very much and so do I. She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.练习：1、Next Saturday there _ going to _ a flower show in the park which we visited last month.Ais; b
