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1、Unit 2 People on the moveGrammar and UsageStep 1: General introduction The grammar items in this unit focus on one aspect of the structure of an articlethe elements of a paragraph. You will learn that paragraphs are used to organize information in an article and what is usually included in a paragra
2、ph. It will help you write an article better. You are expected to put what you have learnt into practice.Step2: Explanation:Introduction: Paragraphs are one of the major “building blocks” of good writing. They are used to organize information in an essay, a story or an article. When writing paragrap
3、hs, we usually include the following:1. Topic: sentences: Each paragraph should have a point. This is usually expressed in a topic sentence, which clearly states what information the paragraph will give.Not all paragraphs have a topic sentence. This is sometimes the case when, for example, a paragra
4、ph is continuing a topic introduced in the previous paragraph, which contained a topic sentence.The topic sentence is usually the first sentence of a paragraph. However, in the first paragraph of an essay, a story or an article, the topic sentence may often an interesting fact, a question or a quota
5、tion.Older American are on the move.2. Supporting sentences The topic sentence should be followed by sentences which help explain or prove it.For decades, Florida has been attracting older residents. In fact, according to the national population survey conducted in 2000, Florida was home to the larg
6、est population of people aged 65 and older. The sentences in a paragraph should be listed in an order that makes sense. We can use transitions to link each sentences to the previous or following ones. Transitions we can use include for example, for instance, furthermore, first, second, third, on the
7、 other hand, however and also. Florida is a popular choice for these people because of the climate and the state relatively flat landscape. However, as the number of older Americans moving there increases, more changes are made to cater to them. For example, ambulance response time has decreased, an
8、d many houses have bathrooms designed for elderly homeowners, with things like walkin bathtubs that reduce the risk of slips and falls.3. Concluding sentence A paragraph should end with one sentence that respects the topic in a new way. We can also use the concluding sentence to express a final idea
9、 about the topic or to help introduce the topic of the next paragraph. Across the USA, people are noticing the same thing: young people want to live in cities.4. A hookRead the second paragraph under the subtitle of “Bright lights, big city” and identify the topic sentence and supporting sentences i
10、n it. Why a question is used at the beginning of the paragraph, and whether the question “where are all the young people” is the topic sentence of the paragraph or not. Ask the students to find out the answer to this question: there are almost no young people in a small Midwestern town; they have al
11、l moved to live in cities. A question instead of an affirmative sentence here can catch readers eyes and make reader more interested in the topic. A question like this is called a hook.Step3 Exercises:1). Read both the instructions and Part 1 in this section. Make sure that you know what function of
12、 a topic sentence is what a hook is. Then, read the two paragraphs in Part A and identify the topic sentence for each one.Answers:A 1 A 2 B2). Read part 2 to learn more about the supporting sentences and their function. Then read the two paragraphs in part A again and point out the supporting senten
13、ces as well as the transitions words or phrases in them.3). Read part 3 to understand what a concluding sentence is. Then read the paragraph in part B. First, you should add transition to complete the paragraph, and then point out the topic and concluding sentences. Answers:B (1) At first (2) Then (
14、3) but (4) so (5) However (6) Finally (7) After4). Find out（underline）the topic sentences of the following short passage:A Now more and more people have realized how serious the problem is. Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution. Weve done a good deal of work, b
15、ut heres still a long way to go. We must keep on fighting until we find ways to protect the environment from being polluted, and do away with pollution. We are sure that well win the battle. Goodbye, water pollution!BPlanting Trees Day comes on March 12 every year. Do you know what can we do to help
16、 on the day? In China, Planting Trees Day is on March 12. This special day began in 1979. On that day, people can plant many trees. And if we plant trees more, we must also take care of the trees by watering them until they grow up to be strong. In different countries, Planting Trees Days are on different days. Like in India, Planting Trees Day is on July 1. Why do the people plant trees? It is ver
