《高三英语二轮突破 阅读理解特训18（含解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语二轮突破 阅读理解特训18（含解析）（9页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、阅读理解特训：3真2模含解析2014届高三英语二轮突破18C8 2013湖北卷 EA German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology and Agi
2、ng, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.The researchers f
3、ound that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not o
4、nly did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disab
5、ility and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
6、“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecti
7、ng a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However, the researchers
8、said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.67According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfactio
9、n?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.68Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly
10、 than wealth69How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.70What is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condit
11、ion leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。67B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) mor
12、e accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故B正确。68C 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions ”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故C正确。69A 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“respo
13、ndents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故A正确。70D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故D正确。C82013江苏卷 CIf a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)i
14、n his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.Other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压)
15、sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens i
16、t，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigat
