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1、专业英语八级历年考试真题与答案解析（VIII）专业英语八级历年考试真题与答案解析（VIII）PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURESECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening,take notes on the important points.Your notes will no
2、t be marked,but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.When the lecture is over,you will be given two minutes to check your notes,and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words.Make
3、sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may refer to your notes while completing the task.Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now,listen to the mini-lecture.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall,different cultures result in different ideas
4、about the world.Hall is an anthropologist.He is interested in relations between cultures.I.High-context cultureA.feature-context:more important than the message-meaning:(1)_i.e.more attention paid to(2)_ than to the message itselfB.examples-personal space-preference for(3)_-less respect for privacy/
5、personal space-attention to(4)_-concept of time-belief in(5)_ interpretation of time-no concern for punctuality-no control over timeII.Low-context cultureA.feature-message:separate from context-meaning:(6)_B.examples-personal space-desire/respect for individuality/privacy-less attention to body lang
6、uage-more concern for(7)_-attitude toward time-concept of time:(8)_-dislike of(9)_-time seen as commodityIII.ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions-relevance in work and lifee.g.business,negotiation,etc.-(10)_ in successful communication参考答案：(1)context of message(2)whats happening/the
7、 context(3)closeness to people(4)body language(5)poly-chronic(6)message itself(7)the message(8)mono-chronic(9)lateness(10)great influence/significanceTIPS：(1)根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message,or the action,or an event carries a large part of its meaning
8、and significance.”可知答案。(2)根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture,more attention is paid to whats happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知答案。(3)根据原文“Generally speaking,in a high-context culture,because this greater dependency on group thinking,people lean tow
9、ards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people.”可得出答案。(4)根据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。(5)根据原文“People in high-context cultures,are considered to have,what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。(6)根据原文“A low-context cul
10、ture is one in which the message,the event or the action is a separate entity,having meaning onto itself,regardless of the surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。(7)根据原文“And youll also see that people might pay less attention to body language,because as I said,the message is,the message is everything.”可
11、得出答案。(8)原文提到在 low-context culture 中，人们对时间的态度可称为 mono-chronic。(9)根据原文“People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with lateness,because they feel that everyone should follow the same time.”可得出答案。(10)根据文章末尾部分“If youre in business,negotiations,interpersonal relations,if youre dealing with
12、people from different cultures in any way,its going to affect every part of your life.In any multi-cultural situation,these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interactions.”可知，在商务活动、谈判、人际交往中，与来自不同文化的人打交道时，这些想法对成功的交际起着非常重要的作用。script:Classifications of CulturesGood morning,everyo
13、ne!Today,well look at culture or rather classifications of cultures.Usually,when we deal with different people,we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture.However,its possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world.We got in such important
14、and basic ideas as time,personal space.And this is the view of Edward Hall.And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians,their culture,their language.But he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture.He was interes
15、ted in the relations between cultures,how cultures interact.What Hall believes is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum,ranging from what he called high-context to low-context.OK,what is a high-context culture?A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the m
16、essage,or the action,or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.What this means is that in a high-context culture,more attention is paid to whats happening in and around the message than to the message itself.Now,let me give you examples.First,in terms of personal space.Generally speaking,in a high-context culture,because this greater dependency on group thinking,people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people.And they have less respect for privacy,f
