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1、20182022高考真题语法填空对定语从句的考查汇总及解析几乎每年高考题都会在语法填空中考查定语从句，今天就2 01 8 2 02 2 高考真题语法填空对定语从句的考查进行了汇总。1.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection forall the species_ live within the Giant Panda Range andsignificantly improve the health of the ecosystem in thearea.(2 02 2 全国卷 1)(t hat)句式分析：The GPNP is
2、intended to provide strongerprotection for all the species and significantly improvethe health of the ecosystem in the area.为主句，all thespecies后为定语从句。因定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为物，因此考虑填that或which,而先行词species由all修 饰（当先行词由a l l修饰时，关系代词一般用that），因此此处应填t hat。2.On the 1100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,lost h
3、is eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.（2 02 2 甲卷）（w ho）句式分析：the man Cao Shengkang crossed 40 cities andcounties in three provinces.为主句，Cao Shengkang 之后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人，从句中缺少主语，因此应填w ho。3.Because the moon,s body blocks direct
4、 radiocommunication with a probe,China first had to put asatellite in orbit above the moon in a spot_ it could sendsignals to the spacecraft and to earth.（2 02 0 全国卷 1）（w he re）句式分析：China first had to put a satellite in orbit abovethe moon in a spot为主句，其后为以spot（指物）为先行词的定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，因此应填w he re。4.I
5、n ancient China lived an artist_ paintings were almostlifelike.（2 02 0 全国卷 3）（w ho se）句式分析：In ancient China lived an artist 为主句，其后是以an artist为先行词的定语从句，从句中缺少paintings的定语，因此应填w ho se o5.On the edge of the jacket,there s a piece ofcloth_ gives off light in the dark.（2 01 9 浙江卷）（t hat/w hic h）句式分析：there
6、 s a piece of cloth 为主句，其后为以 a pieceof cloth（指物）为先行词的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，因此应填 that/whicho6.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the petshop in Macclesfield,she opened with his late husbandLes.（2019 全国卷 2）（which）句式分析：Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily atthe pet shop in Macclesfield 为主
7、句，其后是以 the pet shop（指物）为先行词的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少opened的宾语,因此应填whicho7.They were well trained by their mastershad greatexperience with caring for these animals.（2019 全国卷 3）（who/that）句式分析：They were well trained by their masters 为主句，其后为以masters（指人）为先行词的定语从句，从句中缺少主语,因此应填who/that o8.Two of the authors of the r
8、eview also made a studypublished in 2014_showed a mere five to 10 minutes a dayof running reduced the risk of heart disease and earlydeaths from all causes.（2018 全国卷 1）（that/which）句式分析：Two of the authors of the review also made astudy published in 2014为主句，其后是以a study（指事物）为先行词的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，因此应填that/w
9、hicho9.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005-when the government started a soil-testingprogram_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations tofarmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 milliontons.（2 01 8 全国卷 2）（t hat /w hic h）句式分析：The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds tha
10、tbetween 2005 and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7million tons.为主句，when the government started a soiltesting program_ gives specific fertilizer recommendationsto farmers为状语从句，其中包含以program（指物）为先行词的定语从句，其后从句中缺少主语，因此应填t hat /w hic ho10.Many westerners_ come to China cook much less than intheir own co
11、untries once they realized how cheap it can beto eat out.（2 01 8 浙江卷）（w ho/t hat）句式分析：Many westerners cook much less than in their owncountries为主句，其中包含由Many westerners（指人）为先行词的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，因此应填w ho/t hat o总结归纳：汇总2 01 8-2 02 2 年 5 年高考真题语法填空对定语从句的考查可以看出，主要考查的关系词有：关系代词t hat,w hic h,w hoo那怎么正确使用这些关系代词呢？
12、w ho 的用法：who在定语从句中指人，先行词为表示人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语，宾语等，作宾语时可以省略。t hat 的用法:在限制性定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，既可指人也可指物,指人时相当于who或whom,指物时相当于which,作宾语时可以省略。w hic h的用法：which在定语从句中指物，先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，一般不用来指人。在从句中作主语，宾语等，作宾语时可以省略。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个词，或是主句的一部分或是整个主句。which之前一定要使用逗号。Tom did really well in the exam,which was a b
13、igsurprise.（先行词为 Tom did really well in the exam）很多情况下t hat 和 w hic h可以互换，例如（2 01 9 浙江卷），（2 01 8全国卷1）,（2 01 8 全国卷2）中，但有时只能用w hic h,比如（2 01 9 全国卷2）,而有时只能用t hat,比如（2 02 2 全国卷1）中。t hat 和 w hic h的区别：只能用w hic h的情况：1.引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,不能用that。比如（2 01 9全国卷2）。2.介词+关系代词的定语从句中，先行词为物时，只能用which,不能用thatoA dese
14、rt is a place in which nothing grows.只能用t hat 的情况：1.当先行词为以下不定代词或被不定代词修饰时：m u c h,l it t l e,al l,so m e,n o n e,f e w,n o (t hin g),e v e ry (t hin g),an y (t hin g),通常用t hat,不用w hic h。例如(2 02 2 全国卷1)2 .当先行词由t he v e ry,t he o n l y 等修饰时，通常用t hat,不用w hic hoT his is t he v e ry bo o k t hat I m l o o kin g f o r.3.当先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，通常用t hat,不用w hic hoT his is t he be st f il m t hat I hav e e v e r se e n.
