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1、黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literatureChapter 9Language and Literature语言学教程语言学教程（第三版）第三版）Linguistics黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature2黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature3Chapter 9 Language and LiteratureTeach
2、ing objectives:thelearnerswillbebetterabletoknowsomegeneralfeaturesofliterarylanguage,thelanguageinpoetry,fiction,anddrama.Teaching Focus:generalfeaturesofliterarylanguage,thelanguageinpoetry,fiction,anddramaTeaching Methods&Strategies:teacherpresentationandclassdiscussion黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程
3、语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature4Teaching Procedures1.StyleandStylistics2.Somegeneralfeaturesofliterarylanguage3.Thelanguageinpoetry4.Thelanguageinfiction5.Thelanguageindrama6.Task黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature51.StyleandStylisticsStyle:variationinthelangua
4、geuseofanindividual,suchasformal/informalstyle.nLiterary style:waysofwritingemployedinliteratureandbyindividualwriters;thewaythemindoftheauthorexpressesitselfinwords.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature6Stylistics“studiesthefeaturesofsituationallydistinctiveuses(varieti
5、es)oflanguage,andtriestoestablishprinciplescapableofaccountingfortheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage.”(Crystal1980)黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature71.Stylisticsisthestudyofvarietiesoflanguagewhosepropertiespositionthatlanguageinco
6、ntext.Forexample,thelanguageofadvertising,politics,religion,individualauthors,etc.,orthelanguageofaperiodintime,allbelonginaparticularsituation.Inotherwords,theyallhaveplace.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature82.Stylisticsalsoattemptstoestablishprinciplescapableofexpla
7、iningtheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage,suchassocialisation,theproductionandreceptionofmeaning,criticaldiscourseanalysisandliterarycriticism.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature93.Otherfeaturesofstylisticsincludetheuseofdialogue,inc
8、ludingregionalaccentsandpeoplesdialects,descriptivelanguage,theuseofgrammar,suchastheactivevoiceorpassivevoice,thedistributionofsentencelengths,theuseofparticularlanguageregisters,etc.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature10Levels of analysisSoundeffectsVocabularyPhraseol
9、ogyGrammarImplicature黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature11The1960dreamofhighriselivingsoonturnedintoanightmare.2.Some general features of literary language黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature12Fourstoreyshavenowindowslefttosmash Butinthefi
10、fthachippedsillbuttresses Motheranddaughterthelastmistresses Ofthatblackblockcondemnedtostand,notcrash.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literatureThered-hairedwoman,smiling,wavingtothedisappearingshore.Sheleftthemaharajah;sheleftinnumerableotherlightsopassingloveintownsandciti
11、esandtheatresandrailwaystationsallovertheworld.ButMelchiorshedidnotleave.那位红头发的女士，微笑着，向逐渐消失的海岸挥动着手臂。她离开了王公；离开了全世界城乡、都市、剧院和火车站的无以计数的短暂恋情。但是，她没有离开梅尔基奥尔。黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature142.1Whatisforegrounding?Inapurelylinguisticsense,thetermforegroundingisusedtorefert
12、onewinformation,incontrasttoelementsinthesentencewhichformthebackgroundagainstwhichthenewelementsaretobeunderstoodbythelistener/reader.前景化、突出 黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature15Inthewidersenseofstylistics,textlinguistics,andliterarystudies,itisatranslationoftheCzecha
13、ktualisace(actualization),atermcommonwiththePragueStructuralists.Inthissenseithasbecomeaspatialmetaphor:thatofaforegroundandabackground,whichallowsthetermtoberelatedtoissuesinperceptionpsychology,suchasfigure/groundconstellations.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature16Th
14、eEnglishtermforegroundinghascometomeanseveralthingsatonce:the(psycholinguistic)processesbywhich-duringthereadingact-somethingmaybegivenspecialprominence;specificdevices(asproducedbytheauthor)locatedinthetextitself.Itisalsoemployedtoindicatethespecificpoeticeffectonthereader;ananalyticcategoryinorder
15、toevaluateliterarytexts,ortosituatethemhistorically,ortoexplaintheirimportanceandculturalsignificance,ortodifferentiateliteraturefromothervarietiesoflanguageuse,suchaseverydayconversationsorscientificreports.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature17Thusthetermcoversawidear
16、eaofmeaning.Thismayhaveitsadvantages,butmayalsobeproblematic:whichoftheabovemeaningsisintendedmustoftenbededucedfromthecontextinwhichthetermisused.黄石理工学院外国语学院黄石理工学院外国语学院语言学教程语言学教程 李金妹制作李金妹制作Language and literature18Outsideliterature,languagetendstobeautomatized;itsstructuresandmeaningsareusedroutinely.Withinliterature,however,thisisopposedbydeviceswhichthwarttheautomatismwithwhichlanguageisread,processed,orunderstood.Generally,twosuchdevicesmaybedistinguished,deviation（偏离）andparallelism（广义的排比）.2
