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1、GramGrammar mar TeachTeachingingExercise TimeExercise Time（名词、代词）（名词、代词）冠词冠词2023/3/27冠词的种类冠词的种类不定冠词不定冠词a an定冠词定冠词the零位冠词零位冠词不用冠词2023/3/27类指和特指类指和特指类指类指用来指代一类人或事物的任何成员1、不定冠词和可数名词单数E.g.A horse is a useful animal.I want to be a teacher.2023/3/27类指和特指类指和特指类指类指用来指代一类人或事物的任何成员2、定冠词和可数名词单数E.g.The horse is
2、a useful animal.The horse has been replaced by the railroad.（两类作对照的时候，用the比较好）Galileo invented the telescope.（发明创造经常会与the搭配）2023/3/27类指和特指类指和特指类指类指用来指代一类人或事物的任何成员3、直接用可数名词的复数或不可数名词来类指，其实就是零位冠词E.g.Horses are useful animals.Teachers are badly needed.Copper is a useful metal.Unity is strength.2023/3/27
3、类指和特指类指和特指可数名词类指的比较可数名词类指的比较A horse is a useful animal.(1)The horse is a useful animal.(2)Horses are useful animals.(3)第一种强调一类事物中的任何一个个体，表示任何一匹马第二种强调不同于别的种类，表示是马而不是别的动物第三种强调全体，表示所有的马2023/3/27类指和特指类指和特指特指特指用来指代一类人或事物中的具体的对象l有定的特指：上下文中确定的具体的对象或对话双方都知道的对象，通常用the表示E.g.We own a dog and a cat.The dog is b
4、rown and the cat is white.2023/3/27类指和特指类指和特指特指特指用来指代一类人或事物中的具体的对象l无定的特指：上下文中不特定的具体的对象，通常用不定冠词a，an表示E.g.I met an old man in the street.（指的是我在街上遇到的老人，但不知道是谁）I lost a button.（虽然指的是我丢的纽扣，但不知道是什么纽扣）There is a letter for you.（虽然是给你的信，但不知道是谁写的）A book I want has been borrowed by someone else.（指我想要的某一本书，但不知
5、道具体是什么书）2023/3/27不定冠词不定冠词a a，anan的用法的用法l当可数名词单数在上下文中第一次出现时，a/an可与之连用，表示不确定的人或事物E.g.Yesterday I met an old friend in the department store.所以我们可以用a/an强调不确定，表示“某一个”的意思E.g.A Mr.Smith is waiting outside.(一个叫史密斯的人，但我不认识)Mr.Smith is waiting outside.(我知道他是谁)2023/3/27不定冠词不定冠词a a，anan的用法的用法l指一类人或事物E.g.A child
6、 needs care.(=Children need care.)l指每一个，相当于every，each或者perE.g.four times a day sixty kilometres an hour five pounds a kilo2023/3/27不定冠词不定冠词a a，anan的用法的用法l表示一，相当于oneE.g.If you have an umbrella,lend me one.a dozena hundred a thousanda million A heavy rain was falling.2023/3/27不定冠词不定冠词a a，anan的用法的用法l表示
7、同一个或者同一种E.g.Birds of a feather flock together.（物以类聚）We are of an age.l表示与著名人物相似的人E.g.He thinks he is a Napoleon.2023/3/27不定冠词不定冠词a a，anan的用法的用法l表示某种疾病E.g.I have got a cold.He has got a headache.l习语E.g.a couple of a great deal of a great many a lot of have a good time in a hurry keep an eye on lend a
8、 hand2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法l与可数名词单数连用，表示一类人或事物E.g.The horse is a useful animal.Galileo invented the telescope.The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.类类指指l与民族名或职业名的复数形式连用，表示全体E.g.The Chinese are courageous and industrious.They had little confidence in the doctors.2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法l
9、与形容词或分词（-ing/-ed）连用，表示一类人或事物,动词一般用复数E.g.The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer.The sick have been cured,the lost have been found,and the dead have been revived.类类指指l与乐器或娱乐场所连用，表示全体E.g.play the pianogo to the theatre2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法l用于上文已经说过的名词E.g.His bike struck a tre
10、e.You can still see the mark on the tree.特指特指l用于上下文中，说话双方都知道的人或事物E.g.Shut the door,please.（你知道是哪扇门）Please pass the wine.(你知道是哪瓶酒)Has the postman come?（你知道这个邮递员每天都来）2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法l当名词有修饰语的时候，一般用the表示特指E.g.The girl in blue is my desk mate.The old man I met on the road is my fathers teache
11、r.特指特指l经常与独一无二的普通名词连用E.g.the earththe skythe equator当这些词前面有修饰语的时候，用a/anE.g.A new moon is hanging in the sky.2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法l用于形容词或副词的最高级前E.g.the best policythe most expensive one 句型：the+比较级 the+比较级E.g.The sooner the better.特指特指2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法l与first，second等序数词，next，following，
12、last等一些表示顺序的词或only等有限制意义的词连用E.g.the first weekthe next day the following sentence the last one the only way特指特指2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法l与一些表示时间和空间的词一起用E.g.the beginningthe middle the endthe past the presentthe top the bottom the back the centerthe inside the outside特指特指2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法
13、l与表示江河湖泊、海洋、山脉、岛屿、沙漠等专有名词和复数形式出现的国家名称一起用E.g.the Mississippithe Atlantic the Thames the Alps the Rockiesthe Sahara the Netherlandsthe Philippines特指特指2023/3/27定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法E.g.at the moment by the wayin the distance in the endon the right/left tell the truthon the whole on the way 习语习语2023/3/27零位
14、冠词的用法零位冠词的用法l用于类指的复数名词E.g.I like horses.She likes flowers.l用于类指的抽象名词或不可数名词E.g.Men fear death.Paper is made of wood.2023/3/27零位冠词的用法零位冠词的用法l表示头衔、职务E.g.He is elected monitor of the class.He is chairman of the English Department.He is elected president.They appointed her manager.当这些词不用于指职务，头衔，而是指人的时候，用
15、冠词E.g.The monitor has just left.The president is going to visit China.2023/3/27零位冠词的用法零位冠词的用法l用于三餐，季节E.g.We have breakfast at eight.I was invited to dinner.Snow melts in spring.Spring is coming.I like summer.当这些词前面有修饰语或者有定语的时候，用冠词 He gave us a good breakfast.We had a hot summer this year.2023/3/27零位
16、冠词的用法零位冠词的用法l用于一些表示时间的词E.g.at noonat night at dawnat midnight at sunset Morning is the best time for study.但我们会说：in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening.当这类词有修饰语时，我们用on，冠词用a/an on a cold morning on a sunny afternoon2023/3/27零位冠词的用法零位冠词的用法l用于体育锻炼，节日，路名，某些疾病，学科，交通运输手段E.g.play golf play football play tennis National Day Childrens DayChristmas Hes got diabetes/insomnia.(糖尿病/失眠)English is my favourite subject.I dont like physics.by bike by boatby bus by car by planeby train注意：take the bus2023/
