高考英语二轮复习阅读理解攻略【核心考点知识精讲】 主旨大意课件

主旨大意题解题小攻略主旨大意题解题小攻略题型特点01PART主旨大意主旨大意 考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读速读中准确把握文章中准确把握文章主旨主旨大意的能力以及大意的能力以及辨别辨别主要信主要信息和次要信息的能力。息和次要信息的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。1大意类大意类2标题类标题类3目的类目的类主旨大意题包括：主旨大意题包括：设问方式02PART1.Themain ideaofthepassageisthat_.2.Whatisthepassagemainly about?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsum upthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingcansummarise the main ideaofthepassage?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpresses the main ideaofthepassage?6.Thefirstparagraphismainly about_.7.Whatdoestheauthortell usinParagraph1?大意大意类设问方式：方式：1.Thebesttitle forthepassagemightbe_.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbetheheadline forthepassage?3.Thepassagecanbe entitiled_.标题类设问方式：方式：知识梳理+例题分析03PART1)主旨大意主旨大意题 解题方法解题方法主主题句句定位法定位法Howtofindthetopicsentences?Features：1).1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括性概括性；2).2).主题句主题句一般结构简单一般结构简单；3).3).段落中段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相或发展相 互题句所表达的思想的。互题句所表达的思想的。Sample1Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrisingsoquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.(1)主题句在主题句在文首文首开头开头主题主题+论证性论证性细节细节。应用文应用文书信书信说明文说明文科技文献科技文献新闻报道新闻报道Sample2Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithhishands,andhishobbyisgardening.（2）主题句在）主题句在文中文中 例子例子 /问题（问题（铺垫铺垫）-主题主题提出提出-进一步进一步解释说明解释说明 说明文说明文科技文献科技文献研究报告研究报告提示提示词1)转折关系的折关系的词-后后but,yet,however,infact,actually,indeed,.2)总结性，性，结论性的性的词-后后inbrief,inshort,afterall,allinall,tosumup,inconclusion,inaword,so,therefore.3)表研究成果的表研究成果的词-内容内容show,indicate,suggest,accordingto.4）举例子的例子的词-前前forexample,forinstance,take.asanexample,.5)对疑疑问句的回答很可能就是文章大意。句的回答很可能就是文章大意。提示词提示词1)主旨大意主旨大意题主主题句定位法句定位法主主题句在文首句在文首主主题句在文中句在文中 解题方法解题方法Sample3Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcantbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.（3）主题句在）主题句在文末文末 事实依据事实依据-层层推理层层推理-得出得出结论结论(主题主题)广告类广告类 哲理性故事哲理性故事Sample 4Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller，cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?（4 4）主题句在）主题句在首尾首尾 主题主题-进一步引申进一步引申-主题主题 议论文议论文1)主旨大意主旨大意题主主题句定位法句定位法主主题句在文首句在文首主主题句在文中句在文中主主题句在文末句在文末主主题句在首尾句在首尾 解题方法解题方法(5)高频词高频词围绕某个围绕某个主题主题展开的展开的-反复出现的中心词，反复出现的中心词，即即高频词高频词，也叫也叫做主题词做主题词 Sample5Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly.Tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controlthesebytalkingtoyourselfinyourownmind,whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling.Bytalkingitoverinyourownheadyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedbycommunicatingwithotherswithhonesty.Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttorememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangryandtherefore,controlingitistherealchallenge.1)主旨大意主旨大意题主主题句定位法句定位法主主题句在文首句在文首主主题句在文中句在文中主主题句在文末句在文末主主题句在首尾句在首尾无明无明显主主题句句高高频词 解题方法解题方法 文章标题的选择或拟定：第一，要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；第二，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；第三，要注意题目是过大还是过小；第四，要避免下列三种错误：一是概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体，从而导致范围太小)；二是过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；三是以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。解题方法解题方法2)标题式式 反向推反向推断法有断法有时候即高效候即高效又好用又好用练习1 In the animal kingdom，weakness can bring about aggression in other animal.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience，I see the best in people，but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily.Last month，when I was driving home on a busy highway，I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual.People behind me began to get impatient I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.No more angry shouts and no more horns!When I put on my flashlights，.But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often，it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.30Which of the following is the best title for the passage?AA Wheelchair ExperienceBWeakness and KindnessCWeakness and StrengthDA Driving