英语发展史_教学课件 Part 1Early_Modern_English_1

张勇先张勇先Key Words of EME(1500-1800)1.Renaissance 2.Reformation3.Industrial Revolution4.Enlightenment5.Colonial Expansion6.Language Change7.EME LiteratureDevelopment of EME(1500-1700)TherewasconsiderablefreevariationofformsincomparisonwithPDE.Thisishardlysurprisinginalanguagethatwasonlyjustbeginningtobeacceptedasalegitimatemediumofcommunicationinscience,thearts,andadministration.Development of EME(1500-1700)By1500,over35,000bookshadbeenprinted,thoughmostwereinLatin.From1500to1600,thelanguageofatextinthisperioddifferedmarkedlyfromPDE.By1640,therewereabout20,000titlesavailableinEnglish.From1500to1700,Negationwithoutdo-supportexistedinthisperiod(we gave not;I know not).By1700,Englishhadstabilizedandtextswrittenafterthatperiodareremarkablyeasyforamodernreadertocomprehend.Early Modern English(1489-1610)1/3Contents:1.Overview2.Brief Timeline3.William Caxton4.William Tyndale5.William Shakespeare6.Colonial Expansion7.Grammar Books and Dictionaries8.Inkhorn Controversy 9.EME Literature and Elizabeth IOverview(1500-1650)1TheRenaissancesparkedfreshinterestintheclassicallanguagesandtheirliterature,andledtomomentousdevelopmentsinstudiesrelatingtomedicine,scienceandthearts.Itwasalsoatimeofgreatreligiousandpoliticalupheaval,andtheexpansionofknownboundarieswiththediscoveryoftheAmerica.The Renaissance(1500-1650)ThepublicationofKing James Biblein1611,andpublicationofthefirst folio of Shakespeares playsin1623weresignificanteventsofthatperiod.The Renaissance(1500-1650)The Renaissance&ShakespeareThiswasatimeofgreatinventioninthelanguage,aswritersstruggledtofindappropriatetermstodescribethegroundbreakingtechniquesandconceptstheywerepioneering.TherewasalargeinfluxofLatinandGreekborrowingsandneologisms.NotfeelingcontentedwithborrowingGreekandLatin,writerssoonbegantoborrowwordsfrommorethan50languagesaroundtheglobe.Language DevelopmentControversyregardingtheimmenseproliferationoftermsfollowed.SomewriterssawtheintroductionofnewGreekandLatintermsasanenrichmentofthelanguage,whileenthusiastsfornativeEnglishwordscondemnedthenewfangledadditionsasinkhorn terms.Language DevelopmentInadditiontothisinfluxofforeignterms,manynewwordswerecreatedbytheadditionofprefixes:uncomfortable,forename,underground;Bysuffixes:delightfulness,laughable,investment;Andbycobblingtogethercompounds:heaven-sent,commander-in-chief.Language DevelopmentTheGreatVowelShift,accordingtoonesource,graduallytookplaceduringthisperiod.In1604,RobertCawdreysA Table Alphabeticall,listingthemeaningsofover2,500hardwords,waspublished.ItcouldbeconsideredasthefirstEnglishdictionary.AcrosstheAtlantic,thedelugeofsettlersfromallovertheBritishIslesinfluencedthedevelopmentofdifferentAmericanaccents.Language DevelopmentBrief Timeline(1489-1610)21489FrenchwascompletelyeradicatedasthelanguageofParliament.1490ThomasLinacre,Oxfordprofessor,andpersonalphysiciantoKingHenryVIIandVIII,decidedtolearnGreek./WilliamCaxtonpublishedPrologueto“Eneydos”.1492ColumbussvoyagetotheNewWorld.1496JohnColetstartedreadingtheNewTestamentinGreekandtranslatingitintoEnglishforhisstudentsatOxford,andlaterforthepublicatSaintPaulsCathedralinLondon.William Caxton(c1415-1492)Christopher Columbus(1451-1506)Thomas Linacre(c1460-1524)John Colet(14671519)1497FirstEnglishspeakingcontactwithCanada.1498VascodaGamareachedIndia.1502Margaret,daughterofHenryVII,marriedJamesIVofScotland.1509HenryVIII.1516SirThomasMoresUtopia appeared.1517TheSpanishstartedthepracticeoftheimportationofAfricanslavestotheNewWorld./OnthechurchdooratWittenberg,MartinLuthernailedhis“95Theses”againsttheCatholicpracticeofsellingindulgences.Vasco da Gama(c1460-1524)Margaret&James IVof Scotland Henry VIII(1491-1547)Sir Thomas More(1478-1535)Martin Luther(1483-1546)1521HenryVIIIreceivedthetitle“DefenderoftheFaith”fromPopeLeoXforhisoppositiontoLuther.1522CompletionoftheFirstRoundtheWorldVoyage.1524WilliamTyndaletranslatedthegospelsofMatthewandMarkatHamburg.1525TyndalecompletedhistranslationoftheNewTestamentatCologne;The First New TestamentprintedintheEnglishLanguage.1528PierreValencesIntroductions in frenssheappeared.Pope Leo X(1475-1521)William Tyndale(c1494-1536)1529HenryVIIIbegantocutthetieswiththeChurchofRome.1531SirThomasElyotcompletedhisThe boke named the gouernour.1534ActofSupremacy./TheestablishmentoftheChurchofEngland.PublicationofLilys Grammar.1535Myles Coverdales BiblewaspublishedwhichisthefirstEnglishBibletoappearlegallyinEngland.1536SmallMonasteriesdissolved.StatuteincorporatesallofWalestoEngland.Tyndalewasburntasaheretic.Henry VIII(1491-1547)Sir Thomas Elyot(c1490-1546)Miles Coverdale(1488?-1569)Wales1539EnglishBibleineverychurch.The Great Bibleprinted.ItwasthefirstEnglishlanguageBibleauthorizedforpublicuse(80Books).1540CopernicusreplacedAristotlessystemwiththesunatthecenteroftheuniverse.1547EdwardVIbecamekingattheageofnine.1548The“Firstexpedition”fromEnglandtotheNewWorld.1549AnActofUniformityimposedaBook of Common Prayer.The Great Bible Copernicus(1473-1543)Edward VI(1537-1553)1553MaryTudor.InthefollowingyearMarymarriedPhilipofSpain.1557SirFrancisDrakes