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1、Structural Steel钢结构教学目标n n了解钢材作为结构材料的优缺点了解钢材作为结构材料的优缺点n n了解不同性能的结构钢的应力了解不同性能的结构钢的应力- -应变关系应变关系n n 熟悉各种描述结构钢性能、特点的词汇熟悉各种描述结构钢性能、特点的词汇n n 熟悉科技类文献的常用句型熟悉科技类文献的常用句型 A person traveling in the United States might quite A person traveling in the United States might quite understandably understandably decid
2、edecide（清楚地断定）（清楚地断定）that steel was the perfect structural material. He that steel was the perfect structural material. He or she would see an or she would see an endless number ofendless number of（无穷无尽的）（无穷无尽的）steel bridges, steel bridges, buildings, towers, and other structures comprising, in fact
3、, a list buildings, towers, and other structures comprising, in fact, a list tootoo lengthy lengthy to enumerateto enumerate（列举）（列举）. After seeing these numerous steel . After seeing these numerous steel structures this traveler might be quite surprised to structures this traveler might be quite sur
4、prised to learnlearn（了解）（了解）that that steel was not economically made in the United States until late in the steel was not economically made in the United States until late in the nineteenth century and the first wide-flange beams were not nineteenth century and the first wide-flange beams were not
5、rolledrolled（轧（轧制）制）until 1908.until 1908.Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material钢材作为结构材料的优点钢材作为结构材料的优点一位在美国旅行的人可能会很清楚地断定钢材是理想的结构材料。一位在美国旅行的人可能会很清楚地断定钢材是理想的结构材料。他或她将看到无穷无尽的钢桥、钢的建筑物、钢塔以及其它的钢结构，他或她将看到无穷无尽的钢桥、钢的建筑物、钢塔以及其它的钢结构，实际上包含的名单太长了以至于无法列举。在观看了这些数量众多的钢实际上包含的名单太长了以至于无法列举。在观看了这些数量众多的钢结构后，这位旅行者可
6、能会非常惊讶地了解到在美国直到结构后，这位旅行者可能会非常惊讶地了解到在美国直到19世纪后期钢世纪后期钢材才被经济地制造，并且直到材才被经济地制造，并且直到1908年才轧制出第一根宽翼缘的梁。年才轧制出第一根宽翼缘的梁。 The assumption of the The assumption of the perfectionperfection（完美）（完美）of this metal, of this metal, perhaps the most perhaps the most versatileversatile（通用的）（通用的）of structural materials,
7、of structural materials, would appear to be even more would appear to be even more reasonablereasonable（合理的）（合理的）when its when its great strength, light weight, ease of great strength, light weight, ease of fabricationfabrication（制作）（制作）, and , and many other many other desirabledesirable（理想的）（理想的）
8、properties are properties are consideredconsidered（考（考虑）虑）. These and other advantages of structural steel are . These and other advantages of structural steel are discussed in discussed in detaildetail（详细地）（详细地）in the following paragraphs.in the following paragraphs.当考虑这种金属具有高强、轻质、易制作以及很多其它理想当考虑这种金
9、属具有高强、轻质、易制作以及很多其它理想的性能时，认为其完美的假定甚至显得更合理，或许它是最通用的性能时，认为其完美的假定甚至显得更合理，或许它是最通用的建筑材料。这些和其它的结构钢的优势将在下面的段落中详细的建筑材料。这些和其它的结构钢的优势将在下面的段落中详细地讨论。地讨论。High StrengthHigh StrengthThe high strength of steel per unit of weight The high strength of steel per unit of weight means that structure weights will be small
10、. This fact means that structure weights will be small. This fact is of great is of great importanceimportance for long-span bridges, tall buildings, and structures for long-span bridges, tall buildings, and structures having having poor foundation conditionspoor foundation conditions（薄弱地基条件）（薄弱地基条件
11、）. .高强度高强度钢材每单位重量的高强度意味着结构的重量将是小的。钢材每单位重量的高强度意味着结构的重量将是小的。这个事实对大跨的桥梁、高层建筑以及有着薄弱地基条件的结构这个事实对大跨的桥梁、高层建筑以及有着薄弱地基条件的结构具有重要意义。具有重要意义。UniformityUniformityThe properties of steel do not change The properties of steel do not change appreciablyappreciably（明显地）（明显地）with time, as do those of reinforced-with ti
12、me, as do those of reinforced-concrete structure.concrete structure.一致性一致性钢材的性能随时间的变化不明显，而钢筋混凝土结构钢材的性能随时间的变化不明显，而钢筋混凝土结构的性能则随时间变化。的性能则随时间变化。ElasticityElasticitySteel behaves Steel behaves closer tocloser to（更接近于）（更接近于）design design assumptions than most materials because it assumptions than most mat
13、erials because it followsfollows（遵循）（遵循）Hookes law Hookes law up toup to fairly high stresses. The moments of fairly high stresses. The moments of inertiainertia（惯性矩）（惯性矩）of a steel structure can be of a steel structure can be definitelydefinitely（确切（确切地）地） calculated, while the value obtained for a
14、 reinforced-calculated, while the value obtained for a reinforced-concrete structure are rather concrete structure are rather indefiniteindefinite（不确切）（不确切）. .弹性弹性比起大多数材料，钢材的运行更接近于设计的假定，比起大多数材料，钢材的运行更接近于设计的假定，因为它直到相当高的应力仍然遵循虎克定理。一个钢结构的惯因为它直到相当高的应力仍然遵循虎克定理。一个钢结构的惯性矩可以确切地被计算，而钢筋混凝土结构得到的该值是非常性矩可以确切地被计算
15、，而钢筋混凝土结构得到的该值是非常得不确切。得不确切。PermanencePermanenceSteel frames that are properly Steel frames that are properly maintainedmaintained（维护）（维护）will last will last indefinitelyindefinitely（长期地）（长期地）. Research on some . Research on some of the newer steels indicates that under certain conditions of the newe
16、r steels indicates that under certain conditions nono painting painting（涂漆）（涂漆）maintenance whatsoever maintenance whatsoever （一点也不）（一点也不）will be required.will be required.持久性持久性适当维护的钢框架将会长期地维持下去。对一些较适当维护的钢框架将会长期地维持下去。对一些较新钢材的研究显示在某些条件下，一点也不需要涂漆的维护。新钢材的研究显示在某些条件下，一点也不需要涂漆的维护。DuctilityDuctilityThe property of a material by which it can withstand The property of a material by which it can withstand extensiveextensive（大量的）（大量的）deformation without failure under high deformation without failure under
