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1、专题三完形填空思维导图考法解读1 1 技法点拨2 2栏目索引(一一)上下文情景信息上下文情景信息考考生生从从上上下下文文寻寻找找有有关关暗暗示示及及线线索索，如如体体裁裁线线索索、时时态态变变化化线线索索、词词汇汇线线索索、句句法法线线索索、社社会会文文化化线线索索、上上下下文文情情景景线线索索等等，对对文文章章的的情情景景进进行行逻逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，仔细答题辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，仔细答题。1.上下求索找信息，即从全篇的上文、下文中寻找信息上下求索找信息，即从全篇的上文、下文中寻找信息每每篇篇文文章章都都有有其其内内在在的的线线
2、索索，而而上上下下文文则则是是营营造造语语言言环环境境的的基基础础，也也是是进进行行逻逻辑辑推推理理的的依依据据。通通读读全全文文大大意意，根根据据上上下下文文寻寻找找信信息息词词，是是提提高高准准确确率的关键率的关键。考法解读考法解读(1)运用前置信息运用前置信息(2016全国全国片段片段) Larry works with Transport Drivers，Inc.One morning in 2009，Larry was 41.traveling along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42.customers.Suddenly，h
3、e saw a car with its bright lights on.43.As he got closer，he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road.44.A.each B.another C.that D.his ( )典题印证解解析析前前文文提提到到he saw a car，走走近近之之后后，又又发发现现了了“另另一一辆辆”，故故选选another。解析(2)运用后置运用后置信息信息(2016全国全国片段片段) Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that
4、little device(装装 置置 ) on your desk.And theyve never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away.43.Yet they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the 45 is. Powerful，yes，but not always 4
5、6.accurate.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.典题印证( )45.A.telephone B.voiceC.connection D.impression解析解解析析考考查查上上下下文文理理解解。根根据据46空空后后的的“only by phone”可可知知本本文文介介绍绍的是电话，人们可以通过电话了解你。故的是电话，人们可以通过电话了解你。故A项正确。项正确。2.巧妙利用平行结构，准确判断逻辑信息巧妙利用平行结构，准确判断逻辑信息平平行行结结构构指指的的是是结结构构相相同同或或相相似似、意意思思密密切切关关联联
6、、语语气气一一致致的的句句子子或或词词组组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上紧密相连。成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上紧密相连。典题印证(2016全国全国片段片段) One more look and he noticed 45.flames shooting out from under the 46.disabled vehicle.Larry pulled over，set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher(灭灭火火器器).Two good bursts from the extinguisher and th
7、e fire was put out.47.A.got hold of B.preparedC.took charge of D.controlled解解析析句句意意为为：Larry停停下下来来，刹刹住住车车，抓抓住住灭灭火火器器。此此处处表表示示一一连连串串的动作。根据常识和前后语境可知是的动作。根据常识和前后语境可知是“拿起拿起”灭火器。灭火器。解析3.利用作者的情感态度利用作者的情感态度(褒贬性褒贬性)，判断是非曲直，判断是非曲直几几乎乎每每篇篇完完形形填填空空都都有有一一定定的的作作者者情情感感态态度度，这这种种褒褒贬贬性性反反映映了了作作者者的的特特定定心心理理、情情绪绪状状态态和和
8、写写作作意意图图，因因此此利利用用好好文文章章的的语语境境褒褒贬贬性性就就能能对对文文章章进进行行准准确确的的逻逻辑辑判判断断，从从而而在在吃吃透透文文意意并并准准确确传传递递文文意意的的基基础础上上推推断断出出每每一一空空的的准准确确信信息息，找找出出能能反反映映语语境境褒褒贬贬性性的的标标志志性性词词语语或或句句子子，大胆预测下文。大胆预测下文。典题印证(2016全国全国片段片段) .She gave me a forting smile， nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 54.ticket immedia
9、tely.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought. Rushing out 55.gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，whats your name？” “Im Rani，” she said.I turned around and saw a 56 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 57.speechless！Why had I thought she was cold？Rani was
10、，well，so 58 .( )56.A.careful B.seriousC.nervous D.pleasant解解析析由由上上文文可可知知Rani帮帮助助了了作作者者，作作者者心心存存感感激激，并并发发出出“What a wonderful lady！”的的感感慨慨，作作者者描描绘绘Rani的的词词汇汇应应该该是是褒褒义义的的，根根据据作者这种特定的心理，可选出作者这种特定的心理，可选出56和和58的答案。的答案。解析58.A.calm B.niceC.proud D.clever( )(二二)固定搭配和词语辨析固定搭配和词语辨析固固定定搭搭配配是是高高考考完完形形填填空空的的考考查查点
11、点之之一一。词词语语的的固固定定搭搭配配，特特别别是是动动词词的的搭搭配配比比例例较较大大。考考生生平平时时应应多多读读、多多记记所所学学习习语语或或固固定定搭搭配配并并牢牢固掌握，灵活运用。固掌握，灵活运用。1.左顾右盼左顾右盼找搭配找搭配弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注注意意：常常常常不不止止一一个个选选项项可可以以构构成成搭搭配配关关系系，应应该该结结合合上上下下文文和和语语境境定夺。定夺。(2016四川片段四川片段) Another 53.try was in order.“Well，if you dont want to read it，give it
12、54 .Maybe your mom would 55.enjoy hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.典题印证( )54.A.away B.outC.in D.back解析解解析析考考查查固固定定搭搭配配。根根据据后后文文的的“The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede.”可可知知，德德德德姑姑姑姑是是让让莱莱内内将将书书归归还还给给她她。give away分分发发，泄露；泄露；give ou
13、t发出；发出；give in屈服；屈服；give back归还。根据语境可知选归还。根据语境可知选D。2.避免只重语意，忽略习惯搭配避免只重语意，忽略习惯搭配部部分分考考生生只只是是注注重重语语境境，忽忽视视了了词词汇汇的的习习惯惯搭搭配配。因因此此考考生生把把握握语语境境的的同同时时，要要注注意意填填入入的的名名词词、形形容容词词、动动词词与与空空格格前前后后某某个个词词汇汇的的搭搭配配，尤其注意与介词和副词的搭配。尤其注意与介词和副词的搭配。(2016天津片段天津片段) Last summer，she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.She pr
14、acticed hard and finally 19 it.The team practice, 20.however，was a rough start.典题印证19.A.increased B.foundC.created D.made解析解析解析make it固定搭配，意为固定搭配，意为“成功做成某事成功做成某事”。3.运用词语辨析选择判断运用词语辨析选择判断此此类类题题目目一一般般4个个选选项项的的词词性性相相同同、词词义义相相近近或或相相同同。主主要要考考查查学学生生在在具体语境中对所学词汇的辨析和运用能力。具体语境中对所学词汇的辨析和运用能力。(2016全国全国片段片段) Pow
15、erful，yes，but not always 46 .For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met 47.in person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.典题印证46.A.direct B.usefulC.easy D.accurate解析解解析析考考查查形形容容词词辨辨析析。direct直直接接的的；useful有有用用的的；easy容容易易的的；accurate准准确确
16、的的。本本空空前前的的but说说明明上上下下文文之之间间是是转转折折关关系系，电电话话虽虽然然很很强大，但是也并不是很准确。故强大，但是也并不是很准确。故D正确。正确。(三三)文化情景和生活常识文化情景和生活常识要要求求考考生生能能够够积积极极调调动动自自己己的的文文化化背背景景知知识识和和生生活活常常识识，尤尤其其是是东东西西方方文化的差异，巧妙地加以运用，加强对题目的分析和判断。文化的差异，巧妙地加以运用，加强对题目的分析和判断。(2016浙江片段浙江片段) My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty，and I was left in a tiny shack(棚棚屋屋) alone.The heat was 23 almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌仙人掌).典题印证23.A.inflexible B.incomprehensibleC.uncontrollable D.unbearable解析解解析析考考查查常常识识和和形形容容词词辨辨析析。根根据据后后面面提提到到的的“al
