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1、从题型层面剖析托福阅读备考文章由段落构成，段落由句子结合逻辑构成，句子由词和词组结合语法构成，即：文-段-局-词 从题型层面剖析托福阅读备考词：(词汇题)考察词汇，首先重“量”。没有一定的词汇量，寸步难行。-词汇题中很大一局部就是考察单词的直接含义，假如认识该单词与选项，几乎可以立即匹配，秒选正确答案。假如同学在这一局部出现问题，务必好好积累词汇量，词到病除。除了量，还需要考察学生能否理解该单词放入文本环境(context)后产生的细微、甚至与原意大相径庭的引申含义。-词汇题中真正造成困扰的局部正是考察单词文本含义的，需要考生将单词放入语境细致考察是否通顺，才能选出答案。词汇题每篇至少3题，一
2、套阅读至少9题，占总题量近25%，可见词汇之重要。而词汇更是阅读最小也是最根底的单位，假如词汇不过关，隐患无穷，导致其他题目做错，实在是首要中的首要。句：(句子改写Paraphrase，句子插入insert，句子目的purpose，事实信息题facts，否认排除题non-facts，推理题infer)句子改写题Paraphrase：考察单个句子的理解。要求学生去对单独一个句子(通常是长难句，长在哪?难在哪?)理解后选出选项中意思最接近的一项，即在不改变原句核心含义的前提下改写原句。想要改写一个句子，其必要条件必是对该句子彻底深化的理解，抓住核心内容，理清句子逻辑。句子目的题 Purpose：一
3、个句子除了有表义性(传递信息)，还有“构造性”(效劳作者的写作意图)。Why does the author mention .作者为什么要提到.考察学生对作者写作意图、句子功能的理解句子插入 Insert：在理解单个句子的根底上，考察学生对多个句子内容及关系的把握。将一个句子插入到段落中适宜的地方，必然要考察学生对“被插入句子”本身及上下文多个句子之间内容和逻辑上的联络。事实信息题Facts与否认事实信息题non-facts：在具备了理解单个句子及多个句子含义、功能之后，考察阅读才能的核心要素“提取信息”即“获取知识”的才能(看书读报的目的不就是获取信息吗?)对于“提取信息”从两方面考察-“
4、是否准确”与“是否全面”。“是否准确”-即事实信息题，基于原文，获得信息，答复针对一个事实信息的提问，假如答对了，即可认为你获得的信息是准确的。“是否全面”-即否认排除题。原文可能提供对于一个主体多方面多层次的介绍，在大量信息中把答复下列问题所需要的信息全部挑选出来，把不符合要求的答案去除，表达了对信息掌握的全面。推理题 Infer：在获取原文提供的最根本的信息后，能否通过逻辑思维做出最根本的一些推理或判断?如：根据“人类属于哺乳动物，哺乳动物是胎生的”是否可以得出“人类是胎生的”这一结论?段：(段落主旨题Main Idea, 段落构造题 Organization , 段落关系题 Relati
5、onship)古人写作，本来是没有段落，也没有标点之分的。将多个，内容上效劳于同一主旨，的句子，按照一定的秩序(构造)排列起来，就形成了段落。考生能否理解一段话想表达的主要观点?这需要一定的总结才能;能否发现该段句子终究以什么秩序(构造)来排列?而两段话之间，又从内容上有什么样的联络?文：(全文主旨题，多项选择匹配题)托福阅读中其实并没有真正意义上对全文内容理解的考察，或者说非常的少。之所以将全文主旨题和多项选择匹配罗列于此，仅因为从某种意义上该类题目需要读完全文后才可作答。而本质上，全文主旨题其实还是对多个段落内容的总结;多项选择匹配是对讨论对象信息的提取，与事实信息题即为相似，只不过要从全
6、文范围的内找信息。做题过程中比做题更重要的是什么?1. chain of thoughts 完好的思维链条至关重要2. Flexible Mind 弹性思维，灵敏地阅读，灵敏地处理问题，绝非依葫芦画瓢3. 良好的做题习惯(如读完全部题干，不跳读;圈画【关键词】：p ;不漏读选项等，细节决定成败，习惯决定细节)托福阅读高分练习素材之有学识的表现One thing I have found out is that how smart or how educated a person is has nothing to do with how many years he spent in schoo
7、l. I have seen plenty of people who graduated from college who dont have the sense God gave a turkey - in other words, they were educated beyond their intelligence - and plenty who stopped even before they graduated from high school who have done an excellent job of educating themselves.I suppose th
8、e necessary quality would be motivation. Im not sure how anybody would make it through four years of college and still be as, . . .um, unknowing as the day they entered. Or twelve years of high school for that matter. We provide twelve free years of education, or I should say thirteen since kinderga
9、rten is now included in most states. I guess well always have someone blaming the teachers if a child es out not knowing how to read.Let me get off my soapbox and continue with the purpose of this piece, which is to let you know that there are some shortcuts for people who would like to be a little
10、more educated than they are. Lots of people dropped out of school for this reason or that, and now wish they could go back and redeem their learning, but feel like they have too big of a mountain to climb.As an educator, I can tell you that you do not have to go back and learn every single item that
11、 you should have learned in school. In fact, the vast majority of people dont remember most of that information. There are certain things that help a person have an aura of being more learned, and here I have tried to distill this down to its very essence.1. Build your vocabulary. It may not be fair
12、, but most people judge how educated a person is by the words they use. A Rogets Thesaurus will do the trick, as will any number of vocabulary building books. Also, cut out the curse words. A person with a great store of words to use does not need to rely on vulgar language as a crutch.Learning a gr
13、eat variety of words will give you more of a store to draw from. People who read a lot tend to have wider vocabularies than those who do not, which is probably how the idea got started that more intellectual you are, the more words you will know.2. Read out loud from a book. This sounded silly to me
14、 when I first heard it. A friend said that he was trying to get some of the “country” out of how he talked and somebody had told him to try this. Oddly enough, it worked. You dont have to e out sounding like a national news anchor, just do it enough to get to where you want to be.3. Invest in a book
15、 of ations. Find a Bartletts Familiar ations or some similar book. Just read over it. Youll be surprised to find that a lot of familiar sayings came from one of three sources: the Bible, Shakespeare, or Poor Richards Almanac by Ben Franklin. Just being familiar with all the old saws of the English L
16、anguage and where they came from will give you a smug feeling. Most people dont know this information.4. Get one book with a synopsis of each of Shakespeares plays. I had to take a Shakespeare class in college. Fortunately, I had one of these books that I happened to have picked up. I didnt have time to read the enti
