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1、主要英语国家概况 分类号密级 U D C 中国地质大学江城学院 主要英语国家概况期末论文 America: Its history Focus on the Great Depression 姓名：王志远 专业：英法双语 班级：41400904 学号：4140090423 指导教师：郭萍 论文外文题目：America: Its History -Focus on the Great Depression 论文主题词：经济大萧条发展影响失业新政 外文主题词：the Great Depression Development Influence Unemployment New Deal 论文审阅日
2、期：2022年5月23日 评阅教师：郭萍 原创性声明 本人呈交的英语国家概况期末论文，是在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、材料真实可靠。尽我所知，除文中已经标注引用的内容外，本论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的内容。对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。本论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。 本人签名: 日期： 摘要 在20世纪初,在第一次世界大战之后,美国迎来了前所未有的经济繁荣时期。冰箱、洗衣机已经改变了人们的购买的食品和日常生活习惯,汽车已经成为人民的最爱，建设的热潮在当时促进建筑业的蓬勃发展。然后,美国人民在物欲横流的骚动下
3、享有繁荣的生活。 然而,经济繁荣的背后有大量的穷人:600万的家庭生活在贫穷的国家,农业经济衰退后的战后没有完全恢复,农产品价格下降，大型农场、农业面临严重衰退,使许多农民陷入困境,黑人的生活仍然在种族歧视的阴影下奋斗,工业发展和社会财富再分配的极端不平等,工业发展集中在一些新兴工业部门,和采矿、船舶及其它老工业部门开工不足、纺织、皮革等行业也出现了,大批工人面临失业。在1920年- 1929年间,工业总产值几乎上涨了50%,但是工人的数量没有增加,运输工人实际上已经减少。在这段时期中,兼并的社会财富是时尚中,一些富有的人控制了大量的财富。由于大多数的财富并在少数人手中,社会购买力显然是局限于
4、经济,导致美国增加资本货物输出困难,这进一步引发了产能过剩、资本盈余。尽管金融巨头在思辨已经收到了很高的利润,但大量的钱没有投入到繁殖的过程,但是是为了得到更高的回报证券投资领域,股市遇见了一个巨大的损失。美国经济危机带来一系列的影响,大多数的资本主义国家也遭受了很多。 罗斯福新政的再分配了国民经济的发展由国家机器的前提下,其基本不改变资本主义干预政策手段逐渐演化成了使用所得税制度、预算、政府债券和银行信贷对国民经济的宏观调控收入,一些重要环节,是促进反对整个资本主义,企业经济的司法管辖权。最终大萧条在慢慢得到缓解。 关键词：经济大萧条发展影响失业新政 ABSTRACT In the earl
5、y 20th century, after the first world war , the United States ushered in an unprecedented economic boom. Electric energy in acceleration of the machinery, refrigerator 、washing machines have changed peoples food purchasing and daily life habit, automobile had become peoples favorite and building boo
6、m had promoted construction boom. Then, American people enjoyed prosperity life in materialistic uproar. However, behind the economic prosperity it had a large amount of the poor : 600 million families lived in poor state; Agriculture after the post-war recession had not fully recovered, agricultura
7、l prices decline of large farms , agriculture faced a serious recession, make many farmers mess up; The life of the Negro is still in racial discrimination under the shadow of a struggle; Industrial growth and social wealth redistribution of extreme inequality, industrial growth was concentrated in
8、some emerging industrial sectors, and mining, shipbuilding and other old industrial department commenced shortage, textiles, leather industries also appeared, large number of workers faced unemployment. In 1920 - 1929, gross industrial output rose almost 50%, but the number of workers did not increa
9、se, transport worker actually had reduced. In this period ,annexation of social wealth was in vogue, few rich people controlled the majoity of wealth . Since most of the wealth was in a few hands, social purchasing power was obviously limited in the economy and causing the United States to increase
10、capital goods output difficulties, this further sparked overproduction and capital surplus. Although financial giants in the speculation had received high profits, but a large amount of money was not pumped into the reproduction process, but was to get higher return securities investment fields, the
11、 stock market met a great loss. America economic crisis had brought a series of influence, most of the capitalist countries also suffered a lot. Franklin Roosevelts New Deal made redistribution of the development of national economy by national machine under the premise of not changing capitalism, i
12、ts basic intervention policy means gradually evolving into using income tax system、budget、government bonds and bank credit on national economy of macro adjustment。national income , some important link were to promote to against the whole capitalism, the enterprise economic jurisdiction. Eventually t
13、he great depression was slowly eased. Keywords: the Great Depression Development Influence Unemployment New Deal 目录 1引言 (1) 2 经济大萧条的开始 (1) 3 经济大萧条的原因 (2) 3.1 需求驱动 (2) 3.11 主要原因 (2) 3.12 国际贸易的崩溃 (3) 3.2 经济市场 (3) 3.3 不公平性 (4) 3.4 生产力 (5) 4 经济大萧条的解决方案 (5) 5 经济大萧条对美国的影响 (6) 5.1 对美国平民的影响 (6) 5.2 对美国政治的影响
14、 (7) 6 经济大萧条对世界的影响 (8) 6.1 英 国 (9) 6.2 德国 (9) 6.3 日本 (9) 结束语 (10) 致谢 (11) 参考文献 (11) CONTENTS 1. Introduction The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most se
15、vere depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world. The Great Depression began in the United States but quickly turned into a worldwide economic slump owing to the special and intimate relationships that had been forged between the United States and European economies after World War I. The United States had emerged from the war as the major creditor and financier of postwar Europe, whose national economies had been greatly weakened
