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1、. .有关情绪对决策影响的实验研究的探析中英文对照Analysis of the experimental study on the effect of emotion on decision making of the English近年来，情绪对决策的影响逐渐成为研究热点。国内外关于情绪对决策影响的理论和研究，先后出现两种研究范式：基于情绪性质的研究范式和基于具体情绪的研究范式。前者认为情绪性质是影响决策的最主要的因素，后者那么在很多研究中发现情绪性质并缺乏以解释情绪的影响，认为影响决策的是具体情绪的评价维度。本研究在具体情绪范式下，初步考察三种具体情绪愉快、悲伤和害怕对多属性决策和风险决
2、策的不同影响。In recent years, the effect of emotion on decision-making has become a research hotspot. Domestic and foreign theories and studies about the effect of emotion on decision-making, there are two paradigms: Research Based on the paradigm of emotion nature and based on the research paradigm of sp
3、ecific emotions. The former believe that nature of emotion are the main factors that influence the decision, the latter in many studies found that emotional nature is not sufficient to explain the influence of emotion, that influence the decision-making is the evaluation of the specific emotional di
4、mensions. In this study, the specific emotional paradigm, a preliminary investigation of three specific emotions: happy, sad and fear of different effects on multiple attribute decision making and risk decision making.本研究包括两个实验，均使用电影片段来激发相应的愉快、悲伤和害怕情绪。This study includes two experiments, using the m
5、ovie clips to stimulate the happy, sad and fear.实验一考察具体情绪对多属性决策的加工方式的影响，运用信息板技术模拟实际的工作选择决策，考察不同情绪状态下的被试在多属性决策的加工时间和加工深度的差异。结果根本证实了情绪对于多属性决策的加工方式的影响：积极情绪引发自动加工，而消极情绪引发控制加工。Effects of processing methods on experimental specific emotions on multiple attribute decision making, job selection decision sim
6、ulation application information board technique, differences in different emotional states were processing time in multiple attribute decision making and processing depth. The results basically confirmed the effect of processing emotional for multiple attribute decision making : positive emotional a
7、utomatic processing, while the negative emotional control processing.实验二考察了具体情绪对于风险决策的影响，在七个风险决策情境下，考察不同情绪状态对于风险决策的风险偏好的差异。结果说明情绪性质对于风险决策的影响不明显，一样性质的消极情绪害怕和悲伤的风险偏好有显著性差异，害怕表现风险回避，而悲伤表现为风险寻求。结果还说明确定性和自我控制评价维度并非是影响风险决策的主要维度。Experiment two examined the effects of specific emotions on the risk decision,
8、 in seven the risk decision situations, differences in risk preferences are different emotional state for risk decision-making. Results show that the effects of emotional nature of the risk decision making is not obvious, the same properties of negative emotions of fear and significantly different r
9、isk preference sad, afraid to show risk avoidance, and sadness is risk seeking. The results also show that the deterministic and control self assessment dimension is not the main dimensions of risk decision.本研究根本验证了在多属性决策这种相对复杂的任务中，先前在简单任务的研究中发现的情绪对于加工方式的影响也同样存在，充实了此类研究。同时作为具体情绪范式下的研究，为基于评价倾向框架理论讨论情
10、绪对决策的影响提供了实验支持。This study validates the multiple attribute decision making this relatively complex task, effect of previous found in the simple task of emotion to machining methods also exist, enrich such research. At the same time as the research paradigm of specific emotions, provide experimental
11、support for the influence of emotion on decision making is discussed based on the theory of appraisal tendency framework.关键词：具体情绪，多属性决策，风险决策，情绪性质范式，具体情绪范式Keywords: specific emotions, multiple attribute decision making, risk decision, emotional nature paradigm, specific emotional paradigm决策decision m
12、aking是选择备择方案的行为，它渗透于人类生活的方方面面，是人类的一种根本的认知活动。由于人类面对资源稀缺性的环境，必须面对各种各样的选择。决策心理学就是研究决策的一个重要的学科之一，它主要研究心理活动在决策过程中的作用和影响，考察决策的心理机制，以及情绪、个性、动机、态度等心理因素对决策的影响。Decision making ( decision making ) is the choice of alternative actions, it permeates all aspects of human life, is a basic human cognitive activitie
13、s. Because the human face of the scarcity of resources environment, must face a variety of options. One of the important subjects of decision-making psychology is the study of decision-making, the role and influence of which is the study of mental activity in the decision-making process, the psychol
14、ogical mechanism of decision-making, psychological factors and emotional, personality, motivation, attitude of the decision.在研究范式上，决策心理学至今经历大致三个阶段：标准化范式normative paradigm的主导阶段、描述性范式descriptive paradigm的主导阶段和进化论范式evolutionary paradigm兴起的阶段。On the research paradigm, decision psychology has experienced
15、 roughly three stages: normal ( normative paradigm ) of the dominant phase, descriptive paradigm ( descriptive paradigm ) is the dominant phase and evolutionary paradigm ( evolutionary paradigm ) the rise of the stage.决策心理学在上世纪50年代，由于数学上的重大突破，Von Neumann和Morgenstern提出了最大期望效用理论expected utility theory
16、，它成为标准化研究范式的基石，认为决策者根据最大期望效用作出选择，效用等于价值与概率的乘积。最大期望效用理论以全面理性作为理论根底，并假设概率是客观的，价值是主观的。尽管如此，该理论规定决策者的决策行为遵循一系列的公理，比方占优性、传递性、独立性等，使得决策行为成为完全的客观测量对象，而缺乏主观上的内容。尽管Savage在其根底上提出了主观最大期望效用理论subjective expected utility theory，将主观概率代替客观概率。但是理论的本质没有变，在全面理性的根底上追求客观性，排除了心理因素在其中起作用。从而难以面对越来越多违反标准化决策理论的现象，如“偏好翻转preference reversal、“阿莱斯驳论(Allais paradox)、“埃尔斯伯格驳论(Ellsberg paradox)等。The psychology of decisio
