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1、 2022四级语法辅导：虚拟语气(2)9. lest， for fear that和 in case引起的从句当lest， for fear that和 in case表示“以免，以防，生怕，惟恐”等时，在它们引起的从句中，谓语动词常用should + 动词原形。He ran away lest he should be seen.Hes working hard for fear that he should fall behind.He left early in case he should miss the last train.10. If only引出的从句If only引出的从句
2、用以表达感慨性的愿望，常译为“要是就好了”。If only从句常常省略结果主句，且主要用在虚拟语气中，即从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来不行能实现的愿望，或用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。If only the rain would stop.If only Id listened to my parents.Note： if only引出的句子间或也可使用陈述语气，但考生须留意的是，在各类测试中一般都以用虚拟语气为正确答案。11. would rather（that）引出的从句would rather意为“宁愿”，接从句时常省略关系代词that。would rather后的从句要
3、用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。Id rather you told me the truth.I would rather you came tomorrow than today.Id rather you hadnt told me about it.12. It is （about/high） time （that） 句型该句型表示“（早）该做”，其后的定语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气表示。在测试中从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。It is time that we went to bed.It is high time t
4、hat somebody taught you to behave yourself.13. 表示猜想的几种不同的方法及意义一些情态动词与动词的完成式连用能够表示对过去状况的猜想或者未实现的可能性。1） could have + 过去分词A. 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推想，意为，“可能做了某事”。He couldnt have seen her yesterday.They could have lost their way.B. 表示某事在过去本有可能发生，但事实上并未发生，意为，“本可以做某事”。We could have started a little earlier.I could
5、 have killed her. It was a narrow escape.2） may （might） have + 过去分词A. 表示对过去状况的推想，意为，“可能已做某事”。He may have heard the news.I might have come to a wrong conclusion.B. 表示一种未实现的可能性，即本可以做某事，而实际上并没有做，有时含有埋怨的口吻。It was a narrow escape. You might have killed yourself.A lot of men died who might have been saved
6、.3） must have + 过去分词表示规律上的必定性，即根据某些现象推断过去确定发生过的某事。She must have made a big mistake.The city at one time must have been prosperous， for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.4） neednt have + 过去分词表示过去不必做某事，但已经做了，即本可不必做某事。You neednt have woken me up. I dont have to go to work today.He neednt have wat
7、ered the flowers， for it is going to rain.5） should / ought to have + 过去分词表示过去应当做某事而实际上没有做。You should / ought to have done what your parents told you. （But you failed to do it.）You should / ought to have been more careful. （But you werent.）6） shouldnt / oughtnt to have + 过去分词表示过去不应当做某事而实际上却做了。You sh
8、ouldnt / oughtnt to have crossed the road when the lights were red. （But you did.）They shouldnt / oughtnt to have left so soon. （But they did.）7） would have + 过去分词表示对现在或将来某时之前业已完成的动作的推想。可译为，“可能”、“或许”、“想必”。He would have arrived by now.She would have recovered by then.以上是2022四级语法辅导：虚拟语气(2)，恭祝考友们顺当通过考试！
