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1、.Study On The Environmental Tort LiabilitySystem In China38 / 38.Candidate：Supervisor：Xu JingfenAssociate Professor Jiangxin.College：LawSchool.Program：EnvironmentLaw.Specialization:Degree：University：Date：The theory of Environmental LawMaster of LawXiang Tan UniversityMay 5th, 2013.XX大学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声
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3、.作者签名：导师签名：日期：日期：年年月月日日.摘要.当前我国经济正处于高速发展之中,经济发展的同时也产生了很多环境问题,环境侵权行为比较普遍,严重影响到我国经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高。环境侵权责任是环境侵权加害者为自身行为产生的法律后果而承担的一种民事责任,我国关于环境侵权责任立法已经有不少,但是环境侵权问题还是比较严重,并没有得到有效的控制,这说明当前我国环境侵权责任制度还不够健全,使得环境侵权责任在实践中得不到很好的落实。环境侵权责任采取无过错责任归责原则,环境侵权责任一旦产生,受害者有权利要求行为人排除侵害及赔偿损害。美国、德国、日本对环境侵权责任制度研究是走在世界前列的,已经有了
4、比较完善的环境侵权责任立法,针对损害产生的程度产生了替代性赔偿及部分排除的责任方式,这是值得我们借鉴的,可以弥补我国采取完全排除侵害的方式所带来的缺陷,能够充分协调经济发展和环境保护之间的关系。德国环境责任法针对企业特定设备造成的环境侵权进行专门立法,立法水平达到一定的层次,对精神损害赔偿及具体的赔偿程序都进行了明确规定,对此,日本认为精神损害是一种人格侵害,因此也有比较严格的立法规定,我国可以借鉴德日的立法经验,完善精神损害赔偿的具体规定。当前我国立法还是存在很多不足之处,缺乏对生态破坏行为的立法规定,也没有明确规定因果关系推定等规则,对精神损害赔偿的规定也比较笼统。通过对环境侵权责任制度现
5、状的分析,我国应当具体从以下几个方面来完善我国环境侵权责任制度体系,首先,将生态破坏行为纳入环境侵权立法之中,弥补生态破坏造成环境损害没有相关法律依据的缺陷；其次在立法中完善举证责任倒置及明确因果关系推定规则,减少诉讼成本,更好的保护当事人的合法权益；然后,明确精神损害赔偿范围的程序性规定,对具体的数额及赔偿对象进行明确规定；再次,创立预防性的环境侵权责任制度,建立环境受害者咨询请求权制度,在源头上保障公民的环境权益；最后,从保险制度及诉讼程序上入手,对受害者遭受的损害予以保障,当赔偿得不到落实可以通过基金和保险公司分担风险的办法来加以保障,设立专门的环境法庭,确定具体的原告来保障公民的诉讼权
6、益。关键词：环境侵权；环境侵权责任；制度完善I.AbstractAt present , our economy is in high-speed development , Economic isdeveloping at the same time bring a lot of environmental problems , Theenvironmental tort become common , and have serious affect to our economicdevelopment and peoples living standards. Environmental
7、tort liability is a civilliability assumed by the perpetrators of environmental tort behavior, we have a lot ofenvironmental tort liability legislation, Environmental tort problem is still serious,and has not been effectively controlled, It means that our environmental tort liabilitysystem is not we
8、ll established, environmental tort liability are not well implementedin practice. Environmental tort responsibility is a no-fault liability, Once theenvironmental tort liability produced, , the victims have the right to request the actorto exclude infringement and compensation for damage.The environ
9、mental tort liability system of The United States, Germany, Japan,is the forefront of the world, have been rather complete environmental tort liabilitylegislation,as to the extent of the damage, alternative compensation and partialexclusion of responsibility have been produced, we can learn from it,
10、 it can make upthe defect by taking completely excluded mode,and integrate the relationship.between economic and environmental, Environmental Liability Actof German.is a special legislation for environmental tort created by specific equipment,legislative level reaches a certain level, and clearly de
11、fined mental damages andcompensation procedures, In this regard, Japan is of the view that moral damagesagainst a personality, so there are more stringent legislative requirements, China canlearn from the legislative experience of Germany and Japan,and improve mentaldamages specified. Our legislatio
12、n there is still a lot of inadequacies, lack ofecological vandalism legislation ,also lack of specify causality presumption rules,and the provisions for moral damage compensation is more general.By analysising the status of environmental tort liability system, we should fromthe following aspects to
13、improve our environmental tort liability system, First,including ecological vandalism in environmental tort legislation, and make up thelegislative gaps of ecological damage caused by ecological vandalism;Secondly,improve the reverse burden of proof and the clear causal relationshippresumption in le
14、gislation, reduce litigation costs, giving better protection tolegitimate rights and interests; Then, define a clear spirit procedural requirements ofII.the scope of damages, and the amount of compensation objects; Again, creat apreventive environmental tort liability system, and environmental victi
15、ms ofrequests for advice right system, protecting the environmental rights of citizens fromthe source; Finally, from the insurance system and the proceedings, protecting thedamage suffered by the victims , when compensation is not to be implemented,Risk-sharing by funds and insurance companies to protect the interests,set upspecialized environmental courts and determine the specific plaintiff to protect legalinterests of citizens.Keywords: Environmental tort;Environmental tort liability;Improve the systemII
