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1、2022年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(八)热门举荐：2022年考研报名时间、报名入口专题 新东方网校举荐：2022年考研政治、英语、数学课程！点击进入免费试听>>Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete.(46)There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of mo
2、dern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a
3、 calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. (47)If modern man continues to toy unhesitatingly with war, he will transform his earthly habit
4、at into a hell such as even the mind of Dante (但丁) could not imagine.(48)Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes immediately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations.
5、It is, after all, nation states, which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character.We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve.(49)But unless we r
6、esign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and impotence in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injustice.I do not minimize the complexity of the pro
7、blems that need to be faced. (50)But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem mos
8、t real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to make a supreme effort to generate the readiness, indeed the eagerness, to enter into the new world, which is now possible, “the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God”.答案46.或许曾经有一段时间，斗争通过
9、阻挡邪恶势力的扩张和发展而成为负面的善举，但现代武器的巨大破坏力消退了斗争成为善举的任何可能性。47假如现代人接着毫无顾忌地玩弄斗争，他将使现世的生存环境变成但丁的心灵都无法想像的地狱。48.因此，我建议将非暴力的哲学和策略马上定为一个探讨课题，并在人类冲突的各个领域，不解除在国与国的关系中，进行仔细的试验。49.但是除非我们完全丢失人性，并在自己制造的武器面前完全陷入恐惊和无能，那么结束国家之间的斗争和暴力与结束贫困和种族卑视同样具有可能性和紧迫性。50.但是我坚信，除非我们在这方面打算进行一次精神和灵魂的重新评估，变更关注点，以使我们看到，表面上最现实、大的东西其实是最不现实、已经被宣判死
10、刑的东西，我们将不会有意志、志气和远见来处理这些事情。总体分析这是一篇关于斗争的文章。文中谈到了斗争的危害性，以及如何防卫斗争的问题。第一段：首先指出斗争是过时的，接着讲解并描述随着现代科学技术的进步，斗争的危害更大了，甚至会导致整个人类的死亡。其次段：作者提出了建议性的解决方法，即将非暴力的哲学和策略定为探讨课题。第三段：指出终止国家之间的斗争与暴力具有可能性和紧迫性。第四段：重申了制止斗争的可能性，即斗争是最不现时、已经被宣判死刑的东西。试题精解46.精解 本题考核学问点：状语从句和定语从句、依据上下文确定词汇的译法此句是but连接的并列句，前一分句的主干是there may have b
11、een a time，time后是when引导的时间状语从句。后一分句的主干是the destructive power . eliminates the possibility，possibility后是that引导的定语从句，可用前置法译为“.的可能性”。词汇：留意依据上下文确定词汇的译法。如a negative good。Good在这里是名词，意为“好处，好事”等。本句中译为“善举”有动作性，突出了斗争的影响。negative是“消极的，负面的”，二者组合到一起，可以译成“负面的善举”。eliminates the possibility中eliminates一词译为“消退”，有否定的含
12、义，它和even . any good at all一起强调“消退了斗争成为善举的任何可能性”。47.精解 本题考核学问点：条件复合句、依据上下文确定词汇的译法此句是一个含if条件句的复合句，译为“假如.(那么).”。翻译的难点在于词汇的翻译。Toy一词在句中是动词，译为“玩弄”。Unhesitatingly原意为“不踌躇地，坚决地”，但由于句中是贬义的用法，应译为“毫无顾忌地”。Transform.into.“把.转变成.”。Earthly的意思有“现世的，可能的，地球的”等，但句中它和hell(地狱)形成比照，因此应译为“现世的”。Habitat意为“生活环境，产地，栖息地”等，由于句中指
13、的是人类的居所，可译为“生存环境”。48.精解 本题考核学问点：后置定语、名词转换为动词的译法该句子的主干是I suggest that the philosophy and strategy . becomes a subject for study and for experimentation，in every field和excluding .语法上讲分别是介词短语和分词结构作experimentation的后置定语。本句的难点是对experimentation的翻译，它是名词，本意为“试验”，但在句中应当活译为动词，即“做试验”。这样它的后置定语成分也相应地转换成状语修饰成分。直译为
14、“在人类冲突的各个领域的仔细试验”，意译为“在人类冲突的各个领域进行仔细的试验”。49.精解 本题考核学问点：条件复合句、比较结构的译法本句是含unless引导的条件句的复合句，其主干是unless . it is as possible and as urgent to . as it is to . 。主句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，因此it可以不译，干脆译出后面的内容。比较结构As possible and urgent as.结构可译为“和.一样可能和紧迫”，也可突出书面语的特点用名词表达，译为“和.同样具有可能性和紧迫性”。we have ourselves crea
15、ted做定语修饰the weapons，翻译时采纳前置法把定语提前，译为“我们自己创建的武器”。词汇：resign作及物动词，原意为“辞去，放弃，抛弃”，在该句中接宾语our humanity，可译为“丢失”;yield to原意为“屈服于.”，在文中活译为“陷入”;impotence“无能”;in the presence of“在的面前”。50精解 本题考核学问点：多重复合句的译法此句子较长，翻译的难点在于对多重复合句结构的把握。该句的主干成份I am convinced that，是结构的第一层。其次层是that 引导的宾语从句we shall not have the will, th
16、e courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless . 。该从句中又包含了一个unless引导的条件状语从句，这是本句的第三层结构。它的主干是we are prepared to undergo a re-evaluation, a change of focus . ，其中a change of focus是re-evaluation的同位语，起到说明说明的作用。由于后面的修饰成分还很长，可以从这里断句，重起一句。该句的第四层结构是which will enable us to see that.，这肯定语从句修饰a change of focus。由于定语较长，采纳拆译
