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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上数字拉丁或希腊前缀烷烃烷基烯烃醇醛中文译名从左至右alkanealkylalkenealcoholaldehyde烷烃、烷基、烯烃、醇、醛onemono-methanemethylmethanolmethyl aldehyde甲烷、甲基、甲醇、甲醛twodi-bi-ethaneethylethene,ethyleneethanolethyl aldehyde,ethanal乙烷、乙基、乙烯、乙醇、乙醛threetri-propanepropylpropenepropanolpropylaldehyde丙fourtetra-Quadri-butanebutylbuten
2、ebutanolbutyladehyde丁fivepent(a)-pentanepentylpentenepentanolpentanal戊sixhex(a)-hexanehexylhexenehexanolhexanal己sevenhept(a)-heptaneheptylhepteneheptanolheptanal,heptyl aldehyde庚eightoct(a)-octaneoctylocteneoctanoloctyl aldehyde辛ninenon(a)-nonanenonylnonenenonanolnonyl aldehyde壬tendec(a)-decanedecyl
3、decenedecanoldecyl aldehyde,decanal癸它们能与其它有机化合物自由地混合并能溶于多种有机溶剂中。They will mix freely with other organic compounds and are often soluble in organic solvents.氧的两对电子可以与两个不直接相连的碳共用而形成单键。The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with two separate carbons forming only single bond(C-O-C)。带负电的物体所含的
4、电子比质子多。(复数不明显）A body with a negative charge possesses more electrons than protons.当然，当酸失去质子时，碱必须接收质子。因此，酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应，这种反应一般称为中和反应。Of course，when an acid loses a proton，a base must be in presence to accept it . Thus，an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction. this reaction is generall
5、y known as a neutralization reaction.本文将重点介绍一些近期发展的有关原料和成品加工的新技术。This article will highlight someof the latest developments in new technologies for raw materials and finished product processing.要使溶质在较好的程度上分离，就需要用分馏技术。Separation of solutes from each other to any important eztent requires the fraction
6、ation techniques of distillation.在发现电子之前，曾假定看不见的电流是从带正电的物体流往带负电的物体。Before electrons were discovered，it was assumed that the invisible f1uid of electricity flowed from the positive to the negative object.水银的贮藏量并不丰富，分布也不广。Mercury is by no means abundant nor widely distributed.苯环上的甲基使甲苯非常容易硝化。 (v.adv.)
7、The methyl group on the benzene ring greatly facilitates the nitration of toluene.盐可以通过用金属置换酸中的氢来制取。（prep.v.）Salts may be formed by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.石油便于使用是显而易见的。Petroleum convenience in use is evident.随着越来越多的锌原子溶解，锌极板上充满了电子，使它变得越来越负。The zinc plate becomes more a
8、nd more negatively charged with electrons，as more atoms of zinc dissolve.与无机化合物不同，有机化合物分子间吸引力较弱，因此，有机化合物通常容易挥发且熔点较低。In contrast to inorganic compounds，the molecular attraction of organic compounds is weak，so organic compounds are usually volatile and possess low melting points.有机化合物不溶于水，因为水没有将它们的分子分
9、离成离子的倾向 (主语宾语)Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendency for water to separate their molecules into ions.烷烃的熔点起初很不规则，但随着分子的增大，则有些稳步上升的趋势。(谓语宾语)The melting point of alkanes are rather irregular at first，but tend to rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger.在最简
10、单的化学电池内，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。(状语定语)In the simplest chemical cell the electrolyte is a solution of sulfiaxic acid in water.原油中各种烃的沸点不同。The different hydrocarbons in crude oil boil at different temperatures.因此，可以将吸收过程简单地分为两类：物理过程和化学过程。Absorption processes are therefore conveniently divided into two groups: phys
11、ical process and chemical process.也许有人已经对有机化学所涉及的物质有所了解，但是他可能还不知道有机化学触及我们日常生活已达到一个什么样的程度。One may already have some idea of the material with which organic chemistry deals，but he may not know the extent to which organic chemistry touches on our everyday life.无数的有机物，在缺氧的情况下，受热、压力和时间的影响而转化为沉积的矿物燃料一煤、石油
12、和天然气。 (原序)In the absence of oxygen，untold numbers of organisms were transformed by heat，pressure，and time into deposits of fossil-fuels一coal，petroleum and natural gas.黄铜和青铜是两个广泛使用的铜合金。Two widely used alloys of copper are brass and bronze.磁能产生电流这一发现在电学上是非常重要的。The discovery that electric current can b
13、e produced by magnetism is extremely important in the field of electricity.要制备将细小粉粒适当分散在液体或膏体中的产品，如着色化妆品，需要润湿剂。Wetting agents are required to prepare proper dispersion of fine particle powders in liquids/pastes such as color makeup.水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸。The oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water to give nit
14、ric acid. 一般来说，每当进行了一次化学反应并分离出反应产物后，就必须测定其结构。In general structure must be determined every time a chemical reaction is carried out and a reaction product isolated.至于盐，它们也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢制取。As for salts，they may also be formed by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.如果推测产物是一个已知的化合物，那就可以用
15、物理方法将它与已知物进行比较以 确定它们的一致性。If the product is suspected of being a compound already known，it is then physically compared with the known material to establish its identity.伯醇的和缓氧化生成醛，而醛能进一步氧化生成有机酸。Mild oxidation of a primary alcohol gives an aldehyde which may be further oxidized to an organic acid.蒸发的目的是浓缩由非挥发性溶质和挥发性溶剂所组成的溶液。The objective of evaporation is to concentrate a solution consisting of a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent.我们称这种锌原子为带有两个正电荷的锌离子Zn2+。We call such a zinc atom an ion with a double po
