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1、APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE NAVIGATIONIN SEA TRANSPORTATION AND PROTECTION OF OCEAN RESOURCE AND NTIRONMENTIn Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) generally are GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO. If all the systems are in use it is really the times of Satellite Navigation and the reliability of satellite
2、 navigation will be 100%. As well known，ocean is 70% of the Earth, it will be emphasized in this century，because more and more activities of human beings will be at sea with the development of science and technology. The activities at sea will greatly dependent on satellite navigation. So satellite
3、navigation at sea will be an important application area. Since early 1990s GPS has been the most important system in GNSS. The GPS industry is mainly in developed country.According to the the Interagency Interagency GPS GPS Executive Executive Board Board (IGEB)(IGEB) of US, the worldwide orldwide m
4、arkets markets of of GPS GPS goods goods & & services services will will reach reach $16B $16B by by 2003. 2003. The The markets markets share share is is that that US US 30%, 30%, Europe Europe 23%, 23%, Japan 44%, Asia 2% and others 1%. Japan 44%, Asia 2% and others 1%. The The 2% 2% market market
5、 share share of of Asia Asia points points that that the the GPS GPS industry industry has has not not been been formed formed yet yet in in China. China. It It also also can can be be said said that that there there is is a a large large development development space space in in China China for for
6、 GPS GPS industry. industry. On On other other hand, hand, the the satellite satellite navigation navigation industry industry is is very very important important for for China modernization. China modernization. China is a large country in sea and river transportation with long coastline and river
7、transportation routes.So there are wide application areas in efficient managementmanagement of sea transportation, development and protection of ocean resources, and protection of ocean entironment. Here we will give some presentations about GNSS applications at sea. 1. The applications of GNSS at s
8、ea transportation areaSea transportation area generally includes shipping systems, traffic traffic managementmanagement systems, and maritime navigation systems. Now take some systems for examples: Maritime Maritime DGPS DGPS service service for for enhanced enhanced accuracy accuracy and and safety
9、, safety, that that is is GPS GPS Local Local augment system. augment system. GPS-based GPS-based vessel vessel tracking tracking and and traffic traffic management management maximizes maximizes effectiveness effectiveness of of waterways, such as VTS and AIS systems.waterways, such as VTS and AIS
10、systems.Measurement and management of maritime navigation systems with higher precision in harbor and coastline, so that improved mproved safety safety increases increases maritime commerce.maritime commerce. Package/cargo Package/cargo delivery delivery tracking tracking and and management in moder
11、n management in modern logistics systems. Recreational facilities at sea.Recreational facilities at sea. And so on. And so on. Next we will describe the application systems which have been and is developing and will be useful for sea transportation：1. 1 To establish National DGPS - NDGPS for sea and
12、 land traffic usage In China there has been GPS Local augment system - RBN/DGPS along coastline, supported by China Communication ministry. According to the development of GNSS, it is necessary to expand RBN/DGPS to all over the country as National DGPS, at the same to develop RBN/D-GALILEO. In the
13、US, there mainly are two GPS augment systems, one is RBN/DGPS supported by USCG, and another is WAAS supported by US FAA. USCG belongs to US DOT, especially for the management of maritime navigation systems. USCG has made great achievements in the developments of GPS applications. Early in the 1983,
14、 the RBN/DGPS system was started to research. And now RBN/DGPS has be the main GPS Local Augment system available in 34 countries. Since 1997 the US DOT has organized a group to research the system which will provide the DGPS service in national wide. At last, the group approved that to expand the U
15、SCG RBN/DGPS as National DGPS is the most efficient and economic project。 So the US DOT has determined to expand RBN/DGPS as National DGPS-NDGPS，to provide differential service all over the country.In China，from 1997 to 1999, there are 20 RBN/DGPS reference stations established and brought into oper
16、ation in succession, supported by China Communication Ministry. The RBN/DGPS can provide service with meter or sub-meter positioning precision. Based on these systems we can take the US DOT as reference to expand the RBN/DGPS to be as National DGPS, and at the same time to establish GAOLILEO Local system. The National DGPS will provide differential service for harbor, coast, river traffic and land traffic with higher precision. Comparing with FAA WAAS, why the US DOT selected to expand RBN/DGPS
