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1、连续油管钻井技术 连续油管亦称挠性油管、盘管。连续油管钻井技术是90年代国 外大力研究和开展的热门钻井技术之一。1991年，ELF公司首次使用新研制的连续油管在巴黎盆地钻井取得成功，并证实了它的可行性。一、连 续 油 管 钻 井 技 术简介1、地面设备 地面设备主要包括连续油管作业机及有关设备、循环系统和井控系统。 连续油管作业机组成局部 连续油管CT 连续油管即工作管柱，是一种连续的高强度、高韧性的钢管，缠绕在滚筒上。在连续油管钻井作业中，适合采用外径大于44.45mm13/4in连续油管。 滚筒 液压马达使连续油管保持一定的拉力紧紧地缠绕在滚筒上，或将连续油管送入井下。滚筒上的匀绕机构和计
2、数装置，可以使连续油管均匀地缠绕并测量出管子的长度。连续油管注入头 连续油管注入头主要用来为连续油管下入井内提供推力，并控制连续油管下入速度，承载悬空连续油管的全部重量。 液压动力系统 液压动力系统的功能是，为连续油 管作业提供液压控制和操作动力。 控制台 由各种开关和仪表组成，用于监测并操纵连续油管钻井作业。循环系统：泥浆泵通过滚筒向连续油管内注入、循环。 井控系统：连续油管防喷器组。连续油管钻井技术 2、底部钻具组合BHA 连续油管连接器 紧急别离工具：钻井过程中，钻具遇卡时该工具可使连续油管与下部钻具别离，并使液压和电力通讯平安切断。 多路传输接头：实现井下与地面的数据传送。 定向工具：
3、定向工具具有在地面控制定向和实时测得井下数据的能力。 助推器 循环阀 导向工具 马达：主要作用是使钻头产生旋转。 钻头 3、连续油管钻井对小直径浅直井、定向井和水平井都适合。其应用范围包括：新的浅直井、定向井和水平井，老井加深、侧钻，过油管钻井，产层取心以及完井钻井等。连续油管钻井的另一个用途是欠平衡钻井，而且在此领域有着巨大的潜在市场。 4、用连续油管钻机进行钻井的最大优点是井控平安，操作简便灵活，不接单根，不必压井就可以进行换钻头和起下钻作业。连续油管钻井深度目前已到达3000m左右，过油管侧钻的深度已到达5000m。 目前在美国Alberta南部地区，用连续油管钻机钻井的数量已占该地区所
4、有开钻井数量的10%以上。北海油田用连续钻机钻井更为普遍。二、连续油管系统简介装备的组成： 油管滚筒 动力装置 油管注入装置 控制室 井控装置油管滚筒 Transport pipe Store pipe Continuous gas/fluid pumping Maintain pipe tension动力装置 - Hydraulics Conventional units hydraulic powered 2 systems - static and dynamic BOP and stripper use static pressure and accumulator Injector
5、and reel require pressure and flowrate Small electric units exist Future designs electric or electric over hydraulicCTU Power PackCTU Power Pack连续油管注入头Coiled tubing injector headInside tensionInside tensionOutside tensionOutside tensionLoad cellsLoad cellsStuffing Stuffing boxbox注入装置的类型35,000 lb15,0
6、00 lb2 1HR63580,000 lb40,000 lb3 1 HR58060,000 lb26,000 lb2 1HR560100,000 lb50,000 lb3 1 HR510060,000 lb20,000 lb2 1HR440Max PullMax SnubMax pipeMin pipeModelStuffing box Dynamic seal around coiled tubing Compressed to seal by well pressure and hydraulic pressure to seal Self lubricating polymers Ch
7、ange while CT in wellbore Intended to wear & be replacedCT Stuffing Box控制室CTU Control CabinCTU Control Cabin井控系统4 ”4 ”Coiled Tubing Evolution1/2”1/2”12.7 mm12.7 mm3/4”3/4”19.1 mm19.1 mm1”1”25.4 mm25.4 mm1 1/4”1 1/4”31.8 mm31.8 mm1 1/2”1 1/2”38.1 mm38.1 mm1 3/4”1 3/4”44.5 mm44.5 mm2”2”50.8 mm50.8 mm2
8、 3/8”2 3/8”60.3 mm60.3 mm2 7/8”2 7/8”73.0 mm73.0 mm3 1/2”3 1/2”88.9 mm88.9 mmWallSizes0.0800.0870.0950.1020.1090.1250.1340.1560.1750.1880.2030.2250.250CT Size IssuesPump / Circulation RatesAnnular Flow FrictionForce ConditionsFatigue LifeCostCTSizeIssues Mobilization&Handling Equipment:-Injectorchai
9、ns-goose-neckrollers-stripperrubbersandbushings-BOPcomponentsMain componentsInjector headInjector headBOPsBOPsControl cabinControl cabinReelReelPower packPower packControlCabReelUnitInjectorBOP BOP InjectorInjectorStripperStripperWellheadWellheadFlow TFlow TStabbing Coil Into InjectorStabbing Coil I
10、nto InjectorDepthMeasurementCoiled Tubing SandVac Rig UpCoiled Tubing SandVac Rig UpNorth Sea PlatformNorth Sea PlatformWhere?Where?CT drilling Rig UpCT drilling Rig UpWhat?What?Pumping / displacing Create under-balance Create over-balance (kill) Circulate Flush .Fluid velocityFluid velocity+ +Parti
11、cleParticleterminalterminalvelocityvelocity= =Lift velocityLift velocityClean out - verticalRIH to top of fillRIH to top of fillPump fluid at high ratesPump fluid at high ratesWash into fillWash into fillDisplace fill out of wellDisplace fill out of wellPump rate / velocity criticalPump rate / veloc
12、ity criticalClean out high angleAcid Stimulation Well bore flush Perforation flush Perforation squeeze Accurate fluid placement Avoid bullheading well fluid Minimize completion corrosion Minimize iron contamination .Cementing Balanced plug Abandonment Zonal isolation Perforation squeeze Cement whips
13、tock .Fishing Push Pull Hammer up or down Mill Circulate fluids Video, photograph .Gas lift Create under-balance Initiate natural flow Differential stuck pipe Evacuate fluid .NitrogenNitrogenPerforating Underbalance Deployment systems Firing systems Extreme lengths and weights . High angle wells for
14、 real time logging (PLT) Depth correlation Perforating Treatment monitoring DUCT directional Memory logging.?Stiff Wire Line (SWL)Jetting Standard Vortex RotoJet Tornado .Correct pack motionCorrect pack motionScreenScreenGravel packGravel packRotoPulseRotoPulseSMSMUnderreaming cutting Scale / debris
15、 removal Cement removal Tail pipe cutting Abandonment .DUCTdeploymentBJTypeInside tensionInside tensionOutside tensionOutside tensionLoad cellsLoad cellsStuffing boxStuffing boxCT Injector headAPR RIH Job Type From Jan 1999 to Sept 2001CleanOutCleanOut28%28%GasliftGaslift8%8%AcidAcid11%11%RotojetRotojet5%5%ToolsTools13%13%PerforatingPerforating2%2%Drilling/millingDrilling/milling11%11%ChemicalChemical3%3%PumpingPumping6%6%OtherOther4%4%CementCement9%9%
