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1、 莴苣有机肥氮当量施肥效果研究 邓龙英 杨欢 雷周生摘 要:为探讨莴苣最佳氮施用量,进行了有机氮肥与无机氮肥组配试验。结果表明:高有机氮与低无机氮的组合处理提高了土壤有机质含量和土壤总孔隙度,有利于提高莴苣营养品质,低有机氮与高无机氮的组合处理有利于促进莴苣植株生长、增加植株经济性状和产量。其中,有机氮和无机氮各5 kg/667m2的处理,兼具前两者的有利作用,该处理与CK(不施氮肥)比较,土壤有机质含量提高1.2 g/kg,总孔隙度增加0.3个百分点,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高4.7、2.1和3 mg/kg,莴苣产量增加1 473 kg/667m2,增幅240.7%(P关键词:莴苣;
2、有机肥;土壤;品质;产量;经济效益:S636.2:A:1006-060X(2019)10-0043-03Abstract: In order to explore the optimum nitrogen application amount of lettuce, the combination experiment of organic nitrogen fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer was carried out. The results showed that the combination of high organic n
3、itrogen and low inorganic nitrogen was beneficial to improve soil organic matter content, soil total porosity and nutritional quality of lettuce, and the combination of low organic nitrogen and high inorganic nitrogen was beneficial to promote lettuce plant growth and increase plant economic charact
4、ers and yield. Among them, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen treatment of 75 kg/hm2 each have the advantages of the former two. Compared with CK (no nitrogen fertilizer), the content of soil organic matter increased by 1.2 g/kg, the total porosity increased by 0.3%, the contents of alkali-hydr
5、olyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 4.7, 2.1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively. The output increased by 22 095 kg/hm2, an increase of 240.7% (P 0.01), the net income increased by 87 056.4 yuan/hm2, an increase of 243.3% (P M3N1M2N2M1N3M0N0M0N4,其中,M4N0与M1N3及之后的处理差异显著(PM
6、1N3M2N2M4N0M3N1M0N0,其中,M0N4与M0N0(CK)的差异极显著(P0.01),M1N3与CK的差异显著(PM2N2M0N4M3N1M4N0M0N0,其中,株高M1N3为41.4 cm,比M3N1、M4N0和M0N0(CK)分别增加10.0、19.0和23.2 cm,差异显著(与前者)和极显著(与后两者);茎粗M1N3为3.3 cm,比M3N1、M4N0和CK分别增加0.6、1.2和1.7 cm,差异显著(與前者)和极显著(与后两者);叶长M1N3为31.2 cm,比M3N1、M4N0和CK分别增加7.5、14.3和17.5 cm,差异显著(与前者)和极显著(与后两者);叶
7、宽M1N3为6.3 cm,比M4N0和CK分别增加2.1和2.9 cm,差异极显著;单株重M1N3为390 g,比M0N4、M3N1、M4N0和CK分别增加74、145、224、255 g,差异均达极显著水平;理论产量M1N3为2 340 kg/667m2,比M0N4、M3N1、M4N0和CK分别增产444、870、1 344和1 530kg/667m2,差异均达极显著水平;实际产量M1N3为2 106 kg/667m2,比M0N4、M3N1、M4N0和CK分别增产519、890、1 230和1 494 kg/667m2,差异均达极显著水平,且所有处理均比CK增产均达极显著水平。所有性状及产量
8、中,M2N2略低于M1N3,优于其他处理,与M1N3的差异不显著。说明M1N3和M2N2对莴苣经济性状及产量的影响最大。2.3 不同处理对莴苣营养品质的影响结果表3表明,各处理对莴苣粗纤维影响的大小顺序为M4N0M3N1M2N2M1N3M0N0M0N4,其中,M4N0为0.36%,比M0N4低0.46个百分点,差异显著,与其他处理的差异不显著;各处理对莴苣可溶性糖影响的大小顺序为M4N0M3N1M2N2M1N3M0N4M0N0,其中,M4N0为0.78%,比M0N4和M0N0分别提高0.30个百分点和0.32个百分点,差异均显著,与其他处理的差异不显著;各处理对莴苣可溶性蛋白质影响的大小顺序为M4N0M3N1M2N2M1N3M0N0