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1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载非谓语动词动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式.动名词和分词； 一.不定式：It is hard for me to do the work.作主语 He wants to speak at the meeting. 作宾语I have a lot of workto do . 作定语He asked me to finish it in time. 作宾补My job is to help the patient.作表语He is too young to go to school.作结果状语We were surprised to find him there.
2、 作缘由状语He spoke loudly to make herself heard.作目的状语He went to his home、 only to find he was out.出乎意料的结果特点1）不定式短语做主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it 作形式主语, （例 1）2）不定式作宾语,假如仍带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语,请看下句：I find it interesting to study English.3 不定式作宾补,在feel、 hear、 listen to、 look to、 notice、 observe、 see、 watch、
3、have 、 let、 make等词后的补足语,不定式不带to、 但这些句子变成被动结构就必需带to.二.动名词：动名词形式由 “动词 +ing ”构成,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语,表语,宾语和定语；请看例句：1） Collecting information 收集信息） is very important to businessmen. 作主语2 It is no use arguing with him. 与他争辩）作主语3） She finished reading the book 看完这本书） yesterday. 作宾语4 He has a reading r
4、oom. 书房）作定语特点：1.在 it is no use/good、 no any use/good、 useless 等后须用动名词作主语,泛指抽象动作.2 在 finish、mind、 enjoy、 pactise、 avoid、 imagine、 consider、 feel like、 keep、 prevent、 risk、suggest等词后,肯定用动词的ing 形式；3. 在 forget、 go on、 like 、 mean、 regret、 remember、 stop、 try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区分,请看以下句型：1）我记得读过这本书.I re
5、member reading the book. 指过去的动作）I must remember to read the book. 指 将 来 的 动 作 ） 2）我要设法提高我的英语口语；I ll try to improve my spoken English.敲门没人答应, 试着敲后门； Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.3) 不要讲话； Stop talking.他停下来讲话；He stopped to talk.4) 我没准备损害你；I didn t mean to hurt you
6、.错过这班车意味着再等一个小时；Missing the train means waiting for another hour .4. 动名词和不定式结构在意义上区分：动名词形式表示一般习惯,抽象概念, 或已成过去的动作,不定式表示的往往为详细的或特定的动作,也可表示现在或将来的动作；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载Playing with fireis dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with firewill be dangerous. 指一详细动作）It s no use crying overspilt milk.指抽象动作He realized tha
7、t to go on like thiswas no use. 详细动作He has forgotten seeing me before. 指已成过去的动作I must remember to remindJohn that the garden needs watering 指将来的动作三.分词：现在分词和 过去分词1分词的时态和语态；现在分词：1）有一般式和完成时,一般式即主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；2）完成时（ having+ 过去分词）表示的动作在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生；When he was a student、 he was interested in bo
8、oks.Beinga student、 he was interested in books. After he had done his homework、 he went to bed. Having donehis homework、 he went to bed.3 当句子的主语为分词动作的承担者时,分词用被动语态,假如要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,就用动词完成时的被动形式；The question which is being discussed is important. The question being discussed is important.As he had bee
9、n criticized by the teacher、 Li Ming gave up smoking. Having been criticized by the teacher、 Li Ming gave up smoking.过去分词： 过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,本身有被动的含义,所以只有一般式,没有完成式；2. 分词的用法：1. 作定语：站在窗旁的那个男人为我们的老师；The man standing at the window is our teacher.被污染的空气河水对人体有害；Polluted air and water are harmful to peopl
10、e s health.请留意： 假如现在分词作定语时,表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生；假如两个动词有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而用定语从句；The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window .2. 作状语 :1) While he was reading the book、 he nodded from time to time.While reading the book 、 he nodded from time to time.2) Since I am a student、 I must
11、 study hard. Being a student、 I must study hard.As we were not satisfied with the result、 we decided to do the experiment again.Not satisfied with the result、 we decided to do the experiment again.3) If time permits、 I will finish another lesson. Time permitting 、 I will finish another lesson.If he
12、is allowed、 he would eat all the food in the house.If allowed、 he would eat all the food in the house.4) The students went out of the classroom、 talking and laughing . （说说笑笑）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载He entered the room、followed by his girlfriend 后面跟着女伴侣） 3. 作宾补 :We saw the teacher making the experimen
13、t .（做试验） I ve never heard the song sung in English. 用英语唱）4. 作表语：The news is inspiring（令人激励）He is surprised. 他很惊讶 特点：1.分词短语作状语、其规律主语须与句子的主语一样.2. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或 when引导；3. 有时 “withwithout+ 名词（或代词宾格）+分词的结构表示相伴状况的独立主格结构； eg. 1With his homework finished ahead of time、 he began to play computer.2
14、He fell asleep with the lamp burning.4. 分词短语作状语时,如句子主语不为它的规律主语（即两边主语不一样）通常在它前面加上它的主语,构成独立主格结构；All my money stolen、 I had to walk without buying anything.Time permitting 、 （时间答应的话）I will finish another lesson主语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语动名词分词不定式EXERCISES ：不定式作宾补1. They would not allow him A across the enemy line.A
15、. to risk goingB.risking to goC. for risk to goD.risk going ask、tell、invite、force、get、beg、allow、help、wish want、like、hate、prefer、expect、encourage、advise、persuade、instruct、permit、request、order、warn.cause、urge 等等动词后可接不定式作宾补；2. Though he had often made his little sister_A 、 today he was made by his little sister.A. cry、to cryB.crying、cryingC.cry、cryD.to cry、cry使役动词make、let 只接不带to 的不定式作宾补；Let me do it for you.3. As you ve
