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1、中考专题：动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为：to +动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式，本身无词义；它的否定形式是:not to do .(1) 常见的带to的不定式的动词有：打算想要学会它; (plan, want/would like, learn)希望同意来选择; (hope/wish, agree/promise, choose) +to do 准备决定被拒绝; (prepare, decide/determine, refuse)设法假装未做到. (manage, pretend, fail) ask Ask , teach , allow , advise , per
2、suade , require , tell , cause ,invite，encourage，enable，expect+sb+to do 小练习：He asked me _ to his birthday party. A. to goB. goC. goesD. went(2) 常见不带to的动词可以总结为：“五看”：see , watch , notice ，look ，observe“三使役：have , make , let “两听”：hear ,listen to“一感觉”：feel “半帮助：help*NOTE:这些动词用于被动语态时to是不省略的。例如：I was made
3、 to do homework.还有在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。小练习： 1. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feelB. feelsC. feelingD. feel 2. Many boys and girls are made _ what theyre not _. A. to do, interestedB. to do, interested
4、in C. do, interested inD. doing, interested3. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enterB. enter C. enteringD. entered 4. When I was walking in the street. I saw a plane _ over my head. A. fliesB. flyingC. flewD. to fly5. Youd better_your coat. Its cold outside. A. put on B . to put on C
5、. putting on D. puts on二.句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English.做主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room every day is my work.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语。宾语-What sports does he like to play?-He likes to pl
6、ay basketball.只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式可省略。定语Have you got anything to say?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语要一致。(1) 考查动词不定式做主语1._is difficult to work on the Great Wall.A. This B.
7、 It C. That D. Its2. Its nice_ you_ me with my maths.A. for; to help B. for; helping C. of; to help D. of; helping (2)考查动词不定式作表语：1. His ambition is _A. a teacher B. to be a teacher C. to be teacher D teach (3)考查动词不定式作宾语1. They decided_ at the end of this month.A. to leave B. going C. travel D. not s
8、tart out2. All of us found_ difficult to work out the maths problem.A. what B. that C. which D. it 3. Please stop_ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has (4)考查动词不定式作定语1. Theres enough bird food_ for a month. A. to last B. lastC. lasts D. lasted2. She has no paper_.A. to write
9、B. to write with C. write on D. to write on (5)考查动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Mother asked me_ some fruit after supper. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy2. Let him_ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. have B. gets C. to take D. has3. It was raining heavily outside. The father made the childr
10、en_ in the room.A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed4.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.-Yes, she is often seen_ the old man with his housework.A. help B. to helpC. helps D. helped(6)考查动词不定式作状语1. Yesterday morning I got up early _be late for the exam.A. in order to B. in order to no
11、t C. so as not to D. so as to2. Lets_ so as not_ late for the meeting.A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, be三: 含有动词不定式的句式归纳 常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：A) It takes (costs) sb. some time （money）to do sth. 某人花费多少时间（金钱）做某事。例如： 1. It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evenin
12、g. 每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。 在使用该句式要注意的是：sb. 如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间，对时间提问用how long。 例 It took us more than two hours to do our homework yesterday. How long did it take you to do your homework yesterday?B）Its time to do sth. 该做某事了，同义句为：Its time for sth. / doing sth. 例： Its time to go to school. 该上学了。 =（
13、Its time for school.） Its time to get up. 该起床了。 =（Its time for getting up.） 此句可以扩展为：Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时间了。 for sb. to do sth. 是动词不定式的复合结构。例： Its time for me to work. 到我工作的时间了。 Its time for you to go to school. 到你们上学的时间了。C） 主语be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth. （某人、某物）足够（不能）做某事。例： The boy
14、 is old enough to go to school. 这个孩子到了上学年龄。 Im tall enough to reach the top of the tree. 我够高能够到树顶。 Note 1:此句是肯定句时，可以用主besoadj.that的句型（即sothat表示的结果状语从句）来替换。 The boy is old enough to go to school. =The boy is so old that he can go to school. I Im tall enough to reach the top of the tree.=I am so tall that I can reach the top of the tree. Note2: 此句是否定句式时，既可以用sothat引导的结果状语从句来替换，还可以用tooto句式替换。例：(1)他太小不能去上班。He is not ol
