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1、思维导图破解高中英语 第12讲 状语从句的瘦身法宝使用说明-内容说明状从的瘦身1.伴随状语2.独立主格结构CONTENTS12构建知识图利用导图解题3复习练习构建思维导图帮你快速了解本节课主题，清楚注意事项，对学习收获了然于心PART 1DREAM OF THE FUTURE思维导图体系状语从句的“瘦身”法宝，A B +状语从句的位置（绳（绳+ +句）句）（绳（绳+ +句）句）（绳（绳+ +主主+ +谓）谓）状语从句简化三步走（状语从句简化三步走（）（1 1）绳子：）绳子： （2 2）主语：）主语： （3 3）谓语：）谓语： , , 。（注：（注：“ “原形原形” ”特指谓语结构中的第特指谓语
2、结构中的第1 1个词个词变成原形变成原形；变到最后一步后，遇到；变到最后一步后，遇到 可再省略。可再省略。）状从“瘦身”例1 （主语相同）When I looked at the campus that night, I missed teachers and classmates.那天晚上，当我看着校园时，我想念老师和同学。第1步：绳子可要可不要。When I looked at the campus that night, I missed teachers and classmates.I looked at the campus that night, I missed teacher
3、s and classmates.第2步：主语相同就去掉When I looked at the campus that night, I missed teachers and classmates.I looked at the campus that night, I missed teachers and classmates.第3步：原形+ing；遇到being再去掉最终答案（1）When looking at the campus that night, I missed teachers and classmates.最终答案（2）Looking at the campus th
4、at night, I missed teachers and classmates.注意：每道题需要写出2个答案。1.While she was watching television,she wept（流泪）. 当她看电视的时候，她哭了。2.As he was taken to hospital,Tom cried.汤姆被送到医院时哭了。牛刀小试牛刀小试 1.While she was watching television,she wept. 瘦身(1) While watching television, she wept. 瘦身(2) Watching television,she
5、wept. 2.As he was taken to hospital, Tom cried. 瘦身(1) As taken to hospital,Tom cried. 瘦身(2) Taken to hospital, Tom cried.牛刀小试（答案牛刀小试（答案）伴随状语伴随状语伴随状语的形式和含义伴随状语的形式和含义(状语从句简化&省略绳子)1.While she was watching television,she wept. 2.As he was taken to hospital,Tom cried. 瘦身(1)While watching television, she
6、wept.瘦身(2)Watching television,she wept.瘦身(2)Taken to hospital, Tom cried.瘦身(1)As taken to hospital,Tom cried.伴随状语伴随状语，A B ， +伴随状语的位置和结构伴随状语的位置和结构（doing sth)doing sth)(done by sth)(done by sth)一句话总结：伴随状语 （95%）在句子前后的位置(状语的位置)，出现doing sth. 或done by sth.的形式，即伴随状语。（doing sth)doing sth)(done by sth)(done
7、by sth)Looking at the campus that night, I missed teachers and classmates.a.还原状从法 ： 第1步：还原主语和谓语 ； 第2步：还原绳子(优先选时间、原因、条件) b.并列句法: 第1步：还原主语和谓语 ； 第2步：在头脑中造一个并列句 ，然后翻译出来。伴随状语的翻译伴随状语的翻译When the sun had set, the farmers went home.当太阳落山，农民们回家了。第1步：绳子可要可不要 The sun had set, the farmers went home.第2步：主语相同就去掉 T
8、he sun had set, the farmers went home.第3步：原形+ing；遇到being再去掉 The sun having set, the farmers went home.状从状从“ “瘦身瘦身” ”例例2 2 （主语不同）（主语不同）1.When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 当考试结束，我们开始放假。2.If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去拜访你。牛刀小试牛刀小试1.When the test was
9、finished, we began our holiday. The test finished, we began our holiday. 2.If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.牛刀小试牛刀小试( (答案答案) )独立主格的本质可以看做伴随状语的特殊形式！（95%）有独立主语，不能省掉！状从的绳子必须省掉，但可以用with代替。 The sun having set, the farmers went
10、home. With the sun having set, the farmers went home.，A B +独立主格的位置和结构一句话总结：独立主格结构 （95%）在句子前后位置，出现(with)+ 主语 + doing./done，即独立主格结构。(with)+ 主语 + doing sth./done With the world changing fast, we have something new to deal with all by ourselves every day. （重庆）随着世界日新月异，我们每天都有新的事情要自己处理。You have no idea ho
11、w she finished the relay race with her foot wounded so much. (福建）你不知道她是怎么结束接力赛的，脚伤得这么重。The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. （全国）凶手被带进来，双手被绑在背后。高考真句拓展1：理解伴随状语的直接通道黄金定理2：三大阶梯论A B +状语的位置状语的位置单词、单词、短语短语、句子、句子to doto do做目的状语做目的状语doing sth.doing sth. done by sth. done by sth.做
12、伴随性状语做伴随性状语拓展2：to do 做目的状语高考真句：To learn more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. （2015福建卷）为了进一步了解中国文化，杰克决定选修中国民乐。To catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.（2015北京卷）为了赶早班飞机，我们提前订了一辆出租车，起得很早。应用：语法填空、阅读拓展3：状从引导词+do
13、ing / done(状语从句简化&不省略“绳子”)1.While she was watching television,she wept. 2.As he was taken to hospital,Tom cried. 瘦身(2)Watching television,she wept. 瘦身(1)While watching television, she wept. 瘦身(1)As taken to hospital,Tom cried. 瘦身2)Taken to hospital, Tom cried.应用：语法填空、阅读高考真句：You must keep these point
14、s in mind while setting your goals. 当你设目标的时候，一定要记住这些要点。(2019全国二) If accepted for the job, youll be informed soon. （北京卷）如果被录用，你很快就会得到通知。应用：写作中句型变化； 阅读中原因细节题； 阅读中伴随性状语的翻译；完型中连词题；改错和语法填空题（用直接通道理解）拓展4：并列句，状语从句，伴随状语三者互换关系他打开门，看到了他的妈妈。 并列句：He opened the door, and saw his mother. 状语从句：After/When he opened
15、the door, he saw his mother. 伴随状语： Opening the door, he saw his mother. He opened the door, seeing his mother.PART 3DREAM OF THE FUTURE利用知识点导图来解题我们再来回顾一下解题步骤：第1步，判断是否已经有谓语动词，如果有，一般需要用非谓语（黄金定理1）第2步，优先判断是否有被动性，有的话，就用done或者包含有done的组合式非谓语。第3步：没有被动的含义，就在to do 和doing中挑选。可以通过翻译，优先判断是否有目的性to do。高考真题1Everyon
16、e was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud. （2018全国卷 改错）答案1句意：每个人都默不作声，等着看谁会被要求大声朗读自己的段落。我们再来回顾一下解题步骤：第1步，判断是否已经有谓语动词，如果有，一般需要用非谓语（黄金定理1）Everyone was silent中的was是谓语动词，所以其余地方出现动词，wait要用非谓语形式。第2步，优先判断是否有被动性，有的话，就用done或者包含有done的组合式非谓语。Everyone与wait不是被动关系，是主动关系，所以在to do和doing中选择。第3步：没有被动的含义，就在to do 和doing中挑选。可以通过翻译，优先判断是否有目的性to do。通过句意，这里没有表示目的。而是做伴随状语。所以，正确答案为把wait改成waiting。高考真题2（湖南卷）Video games can be a poor influence if _(leave) in the wrong hands.答案2句意：
