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1、英语完形填空应试与解题技巧,一.完形填空(Cloze test)的内涵意思是什么?,Cloze test直译为中文后,其意为“闭合,使完整”。这项考题的理论基础是:将人们对事物全部、完整的理解看作是一个闭合的圆,则圆上的任意两点之间都有着逻辑上的关系。如果从这个圆上任意挖去一点或数点,应该可以根据这种内在的逻辑关系将其推导还原出来,最终使其闭合,恢复成一个完整的圆,即将人们对事物的理解重新还原。,二、完形填空试题的考点效度,完形填空试题分为四个考点层次: 单词(word=W)层次 词组(phrase=P)层次 句子(sentence= S)层次 语篇(discourse=D)层次,三.完形填空
2、题型主要考查考生哪些 方面的能力?,选择型完形填空是一种综合性比较强的题型,它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查为一体。其中包括对语法、句型、习惯用语的运用,对词汇、句子以及文章的理解和逻辑推理,对作者意图的把握等能力的考查。,四.近几年各地中考完形填空命题有 哪些特点?,1)文章题材、体裁广泛,故事性、 趣味性强,结构完整、内容贴近 生活实际,符合初中生阅读心理 和认知规律,文章首句不设空。,2)遵循“以实词为主,虚词为辅, 突出词汇考查语境化”的命题 原则。,3)侧重考查考生把握全文,根据 上下文的逻辑关系进行综合分 析、推理判断等运用英语的能 力的题目比例逐年上升。,文章在结构上有层次感,
3、叙述上有跌宕起伏的过程,描写上有作者的心理变化和感受。既体现了一定的人生哲理和教育意义,又不失幽默和趣味性,同时要有严密的逻辑性。文字的难度应稍容易于阅读题。,在选项设计上,一般仍为一个单词伴之有一两组短语动词或动词词组。每小题所给的四个选项一般都属于相同或对等的词类,属同一范畴;错误选项与空前,空后词语也大多可以形成搭配,这样就避免了以语法形式进行判断的解题思路。,绍兴市中考完形填空特点,绍兴市中考完形填空特点,五、实例分析,1. 考查英语固定搭配、习惯用语的运用。此时,考生不需对句意有太多的理解,一眼就能锁定答案。如: She 38_ the radio and sang songs wh
4、ile she was driving. 38. A. turned on B. turned over C. turned off D. turned down He 43 (killed three people) at Atlanta courthouse on March 11. The police were 44 him. 44. A. waiting for B. thinking of C. looking at D. searching for,五、实例分析,2. 考查对文段语境的理解能力。考生必须通过语境作出判断,一般要看懂一两句话作情景铺垫。例如: His coughin
5、g stopped my thinking. What was left to say? How could I say 53 to the person who taught me everything? 53. A. goodbye B. hello C. yes D. sorry The next morning I 54 (woke up), looked at my alarm clock, and realized he had left 55 ago. We never even said goodbye. 55. A. minutes B. hours C. days D. w
6、eeks,(二)实例分析,3考查对文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断的能力。要求考生能理解上下文的内在关联和连贯意义。例如: It was almost 9:00p.m. when Mia Janson left her office to go home. It was 36 . She started her car and she 37(drove) down the dark road that led to her house in the country. She 38 (turned on)_ the radio and sang songs while she was drivin
7、g. The heater wasnt working, 36. A. raining B. cool C. snowing D. late The latest attraction is a big 51 tunnel(隧道) you can through. All around you ,you will see fish swimming sometimes even over your head. A. metal B. wood C. glass D. stone,六、完型填空解题要诀,通读全文知大意 瞻前顾后定意义 反复阅读求正确,通读全文,仔细阅读文章的第一句和最后一句,基本
8、把握语篇的大意。 有时候选择哪一个单词要看到文章的后段才能确定,如果不把全篇内容搞清楚,很可能会造成前后意思矛盾,甚至会使原文的意思面目全非。 因此,做题要顾及文章的整体性和合理性。,(一)通读全文知大意,例:Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his _1_ and traveling. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work 在一篇文章中,有时就一个单句而言,很难确
9、定合适的答案,但若继续下去,就会发现与问题有关的信息词,这些词往往直接或间接地提出或暗示我们所寻找的答案。,D,接着读下文: Then, after returning to the United States from a _2_ trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _ 3_
10、 him. The material between his bones became weak. 2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant A. from B. around C. inside D. beside,B,C,【分析和说明】第2题:咋一看,A,B,D项都可选,如果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快,那么选D项的就更多。句中说在此之后,Mr. Cousins got sick病倒了,这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个tiring trip;第3题:不认真看题,那么很容易选B,以为是他身边发生的事。跟第二题一样,读后句就知道,这里的a
11、 change只能是他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到The material between his bones became。所以做题时要首尾兼顾,抓住主要信息。 【解答】第2,3题正确答案分别为B,C。,有时,在一个段落中,前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断,但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构,这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构,能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。 例:Pagoda Street is a street like many others not very _ 1_ , not very wide, _ 2_ wide
12、enough for two buses to pass. But it is a _3_ street all the same, particularly during the rush hour. 1. A clear B. clean C. far D. fresh 2. A. also B. even C. and D. only 3. A. famous B. useful C. busy D. free,B,D,C,所选单词要根据篇章内容来定,不要不加思考照搬自己熟悉的句型和词组。因为有时从词组或单句来看好像是准确的,但从全句和全文来看却是不合逻辑的。 要注意这类题中往往会故意穿
13、插一些非词组的搭配,看学生能不能辨别,以此考查学生的阅读能力。,(二)瞻前顾后定意义,例:An old lion _ in its cave and pretended to be ill, when some animals came to visit it, the lion killed and ate them. sleptB. lay C. lying D. felt sick,B,【分析和说明】如果仅以“主语后面应该跟谓语动词”这一语法规则去分析,显然A,B和D都对。但是文中的“killed and ate them”说明狮子并未睡觉,而是在捕食或者伺机捕杀前来探望的动物,从而否定
14、了A。通过“pretended to be ill”这一信息又证实了“狮子并未生病”这一事实,所以又否定了D。因此只有B为正确答案。lay虽表示“卧着”,却有“其大脑清醒”的含义,暗求着狮子随时会突然跃起,扑向靠近它的动物。 【解答】答案为B。,做完后一定要反复阅读短文,检验单词填入后的句意和全文的意思是否相符,是否符合逻辑; 再检验空格内填入的名词的单复数,动词的时态或形式,形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级等等是否填对了。 检查所填单词有没有拼写错误、语法毛病、逻辑矛盾。,(三)反复阅读求正确,例 The Thais _ to eat with their hands and now th
15、ere are still some people who eat this way. A. went B. had C. wanted D. used 这句话如果只看空格,四个选项分别是短语:go to do, have to do, want to do, used to do, 但结合后半句:and now there are still some people who eat this way, 可知答案应该是D。,D,例 If the mother has another RH+ baby, the mothers blood will attack the babys blood.
16、 The baby may die or _. A. sickness B. illness C. ill D. become sick. 这道题同学们会误选 C ill, 但如果能仔看清情态动词 may, 就不难作出准确的选择 D become sick.,D. become sick,三、完形填空题的备考方案,2. 扩大词汇数量,巩固语法知识,1注重阅读教学,提高阅读能力,3. 扩大背景知识,提高阅读技巧,平时在英语阅读教学时,应侧重于基础语言识的积累、文章句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的层次关系以及段落之间的思维逻辑方面与语言形式方面的内在联系。课外要让学生多读一些阅读材料,每个学生可根据自己的兴趣选择难易适中的英语课外读物。我们为学生选用的课外阅读材料主要来自于九年级英语泛读、初中英语课外阅读、中学生英语阅读与欣赏(初中版)、二十一世纪英文报、英语辅导报等。,1注重阅读教学,提高阅读能力,词汇是语言的基本要素之一,词汇量的大小直接影响到阅读和理解的能力及信息传递。学生要记住积极词汇问题不大,但是要在考试中认出识忆词汇却不容易。这主要是因为识忆词汇在教材中出现的频率不高,学生们往