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1、Linux命令简写与全称su：Swith user 切换用户，切换到root用户cat: Concatenate 串联uname: Unix name 系统名称df: Disk free 空余硬盘du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率chown: Change owner 改变所有者chgrp: Change group 改变用户组ps：Process Status 进程状态tar：Tape archive 解压文件chmod: Change mode 改变模式umount: Unmount 卸载ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依insmod：Insta
2、ll module 安装模块rmmod：Remove module 删除模块lsmod：List module 列表模块alias :Create your own name for a commandbash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell linux内核grep:global regular expression printhttpd :Start Apacheipcalc :Calculate IP information for a hostping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hostsreboot: Restart your
3、 computersudo:Superuser do/bin = BINaries/dev = DEVices/etc = 存放配置文件的地方。配置文件的目录 Editable Text Configuration 初期etcetra directory（ETCetera）,后来Editable Text Configuration 或者 Extended Tool Chest。/opt = Optional application software packagespwd = print working Directory (打印工作目录)。 /lib = LIBrary/proc = PR
4、OCesses/sbin = Superuser BINaries/tmp = TeMPorary/usr = Unix Shared Resources/var = VARiable ? 是储存各种变化的文件，比如log等等FIFO = First In, First OutGRUB = GRand Unified BootloaderIFS = Internal Field SeperatorsLILO = LInux LOaderMySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query LanguagePHP = Personal Home Page Tools =
5、 PHP Hypertext PreprocessorPS = Prompt StringPerl = Pratical Extraction and Report Language = Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish ListerPython Monty Pythons Flying CircusTcl = Tool Command LanguageTk = ToolKitVT = Video TerminalYaST = Yet Another Setup Toolapache = a patchy serverapt = Advanced Packagin
6、g Toolar = archiveras = assemblerbash = Bourne Again SHellbc = Basic (Better) Calculatorbg = BackGroundcal = CALendarcat = CATenatecd = Change Directorychgrp = CHange GRouPchmod = CHange MODechown = CHange OWNerchsh = CHange SHellcmp = comparecobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecturecomm = c
7、ommoncp = CoPycpio = CoPy In and Outcpp = C Pre Processorcups = Common Unix Printing Systemcvs = Current Version Systemdaemon = Disk And Execution MONitordc = Desk Calculatordd = Disk Dumpdf = Disk Freediff = DIFFerencedmesg = diagnostic messagedu = Disk Usageed = editoregrep = Extended GREPelf = Ex
8、tensible Linking Formatelm = ELectronic Mailemacs = Editor MACroSeval = EVALuateex = EXtendedexec = EXECutefd = file descriptorsfg = ForeGroundfgrep = Fixed GREPfmt = formatfsck = File System ChecKfstab = FileSystem TABlefvwm = F* Virtual Window Managergawk = GNU AWKgpg = GNU Privacy Guardgroff = GN
9、U troffhal = Hardware Abstraction Layerjoe = Joes Own Editorksh = Korn SHelllame = Lame Aint an MP3 Encoderlex = LEXical analyserlisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parenthesesln = LiNklpr = Line PRintls = listlsof = LiSt Open Filesm4 = Macro processor Version 4man = MANual pages
10、mawk = Mike Brennans AWKmc = Midnight Commandermkfs = MaKe FileSystemmknod = MaKe NODemotd = Message of The Daymozilla = MOsaic GodZILLamtab = Mount TABlemv = MoVenano = Nanos ANOther editornawk = New AWKnl = Number of Linesnm = namesnohup = No HangUPnroff = New ROFFod = Octal Dumppasswd = PASSWorDp
11、g = pagerpico = PInes message COmposition editorpine = Program for Internet News & Email = Pine is not Elmping = Packet InterNet Grouperpirntcap = PRINTer CAPabilitypopd = POP Directorypr = preprintf = PRINT Formattedps = Processes Statuspty = pseudo ttypushd = PUSH Directorypwd = Print Working Dire
12、ctoryrc = runcom = run command, shellrev = REVerserm = ReMovern = Read Newsroff = RunOFFrpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Managerrsh, rlogin, = Remoterxvt = ouR XVTsed = Stream EDitorseq = SEQuenceshar = SHell ARchiveslrn = S-Lang rnssh = Secure SHellssl = Secure Sockets Layerstty = Set TTY
13、su = Substitute Usersvn = SubVersioNtar = Tape ARchivetcsh = TENEX C shelltelnet = TEminaL over Networktermcap = terminal capabilityterminfo = terminal informationtr = traslatetroff = Typesetter new ROFFtsort = Topological SORTtty = TeleTypewritertwm = Toms Window Managertz = TimeZoneudev = Userspac
14、e DEVulimit = Users LIMITumask = Users MASKuniq = UNIQuevi = VIsual = Very Inconvenientvim = Vi IMprovedwall = write allwc = Word Countwine = WINE Is Not an Emulatorxargs = eXtended ARGumentsxdm = X Display Managerxlfd = X Logical Font Descriptionxmms = X Multimedia Systemxrdb = X Resources DataBasexwd = X Window Dumpyacc = yet another compiler compiler/var 包含系统一般运行时要改变的数据。通常这些数据所在的目录的大小是要经常变化或扩充的。原来 /var 目录中有些内容是在 /usr 中的，但为了保持 /usr 目录的相对稳定，就把那些需要经常改变的目录放到 /var 中了。每个系统是特定的，即不通过网络与其他计算机共享。下面列出一些重要的目录 ( 一些不太重要的目录省略了 ) 。1. /var/catma
