新概念英语第四册 Lesson 34 论文《青春期》（Adolescence）一个段落中每句话都是有逻辑功能的，彼此环环相扣，才能证明观点； （主要的句子类型和功能：主题句、铺垫句、解释句、例子句）一篇文章，各个段落之间相互支持，才能产生强大的说服力第一段：提出一个话题、一个现象，演绎出这个现象的后果第一句 主题句，提出话题、现象Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. 当家长听到孩子赞扬自己朋友的家时，总感到不安，认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具，而且愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的烦恼第二句 解释句，现象的进一步表现They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. 他们甚至责备孩子不忠，或者讲些小朋友家长的坏话。
第三句 解释句，以上父母的行为所导致的后果1Such loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adultsdeeply shocks the adolescents and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. 家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心以后不再向父母讲述去过的地方和见过的人第四句 解释句，以上父母的行为所导致的后果2，以及作者的评价Before very long the parents will be complaining that（委婉地推断）the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. 不要很久,家长就会抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告诉他们，殊不知这是他们自找的。
第二段 推理完整、语句精炼，完全论证的段落以上问题不可避免，那家长应该怎么办呢?第一句 主题句，用判断性表述提出观点，对全段各句有很强的辐射能力，后面多为解释句； 这是平衡式写作，在主要的观点外，再补充、塞入其他的信息Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. 不管家长的人品有多么好，作为父母有多么合格，孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的第二句：解释句，提供原因，孩子期待过高了，such… that 因果关系，Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. 除非父母自身不能令人满意，大多数孩子对父母估价过高，以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验。
第三句：解释句，具体，评价、负面后果，Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. 如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响，那么家长会大为吃惊和深受感动的第四句：主题句：用假设的句式“如果…那么”，提供以上问题的解决办法， If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up （紧接着用并列的形式，解释什么是growing up）and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟，正在发展宝贵的观察力、独立判断力，那么他们就不会那样伤心，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，而把孩子推到自己的对立面去。
第三段 第一句 主题句， The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant,or even that he has been unfair（某事的公平）or unjust（普遍的公正）. 青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或无知，甚至承认自己做得不公平或不公正的父母，他们总是尊敬的第二句 解释句，从反面说明What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了，孩子们也看出来了，可是做父母的还不肯承认 第四段：第一句：例子句，提供反面例子Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind（keep their dignity）, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. 维多利亚时代的父母认为，他们可靠无理的权威气派来维护自己的尊严，实际上那是根本不行的。
孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法罢了第二句：解释句，与以上现象进行对比Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. 虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端，但总地来看，孩子和家长双方态度都比较端正第三句：主题句：提出正面的看法和评价It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的，尽管会有暂时的痛苦。