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2025年海南住院医师规范化培训考试(儿科)题库历年参考题库含答案详解(5卷合辑)

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2025年海南住院医师规范化培训考试(儿科)题库历年参考题库含答案详解(5卷合辑)_第1页
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2025年海南住院医师规范化培训考试(儿科)题库历年参考题库含答案详解(5卷合辑)2025年海南住院医师规范化培训考试(儿科)题库历年参考题库含答案详解(篇1)【题干1】早产儿出生后最常见的并发症是? 【选项】A. 红细胞增多症 B. 肺透明膜病 C. 胎便吸入综合征 D. 呼吸窘迫综合征 【参考答案】B 【详细解析】早产儿肺发育不成熟,肺表面活性物质缺乏,导致呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)发生率显著升高,是新生儿期最常见死因之一其他选项中,A多见于出生后一周大婴儿,C与分娩时吸入胎粪相关,D为足月儿常见问题 【题干2】小儿急性链球菌性咽炎首选的抗生素是? 【选项】A. 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾 B. 青霉素G C. 头孢呋辛 D. 庆大霉素 【参考答案】B 【详细解析】链球菌性咽炎病原体为A组β-溶血性链球菌,青霉素G为首选药物,可彻底清除病原体并预防风湿热等并发症阿莫西林克拉维酸钾适用于青霉素过敏者,头孢呋辛为二代头孢菌素,庆大霉素仅对革兰氏阴性菌有效 【题干3】小儿急性腹泻合并脱水时,口服补液盐(ORS)的推荐剂量是? 【选项】A. 50ml/kg B. 80ml/kg C. 100ml/kg D. 150ml/kg 【参考答案】A 【详细解析】WHO指南明确推荐ORS剂量为50ml/kg,分次口服,可纠正水电解质紊乱。

选项B、C、D均超过推荐剂量,可能导致低钠血症脱水程度分级与补液量需结合评估,但基础剂量固定为50ml/kg 【题干4】新生儿黄疸光疗指征中,胆红素水平超过以下哪个值需光疗? 【选项】A. 12mg/dL B. 15mg/dL C. 18mg/dL D. 20mg/dL 【参考答案】B 【参考答案】B 【详细解析】根据《新生儿黄疸诊疗指南》,当血胆红素浓度≥15mg/dL(257μmol/L)时需启动光疗12mg/dL为生理性黄疸上限,18mg/dL以上需警惕病理性黄疸光疗可降低未结合胆红素水平,但需警惕青铜症等并发症 【题干5】小儿急性肾小球肾炎的典型临床表现不包括? 【选项】A. 血尿 B. 水肿 C. 高血压 D. 疲劳乏力 【参考答案】D 【详细解析】典型"三联征"为血尿、水肿、高血压疲劳乏力并非特异性表现,可能与其他疾病混淆急性肾小球肾炎时,因肾小球滤过率下降,尿蛋白多为++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,++,。

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