英语专业八级写作与改错考试大纲的要求 VI.写作(Part VI: Writing )n 1.测试要求:n 能根据所给的作文题目及要求撰写各类体裁的文章，文章长度约400个单词；能做到内容充实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体n 2.测试形式:n 本部分分为主观试题,共一个作文题目考试时间45分钟. § 审题§ 在八级写作考试中，最重要的就是要写出符合题目要求的作文可把评分标准中的5个分档粗略划分成: 高分档 （15分以上）、中等分档（12-14分）以及低分档（11分以下）；若考试内容离题、跑题（A lack of relevance），即使语言再好的文章也不可能高出中等分档，如果语言错误再多写就可能掉到低分档所以，花两三分钟时间审题必定是磨刀不误砍柴工的，既可避免“失之毫厘，谬以千里”，又有利于理清行文思路§ 例如：§ 2004年考题“Should University Students Go in for Business?”§ Business为“做生意”之意，而许多同学却理解为“做兼职”§ 2007年考题“Some people think that financial disparity affects friendship. What do you think?”§ Disparity为“差别”之意，许多同学没有弄清disparity之意便匆忙动笔，将叙述重点放在了financial而不是disparity上面；还有同学写道“The poor better understand the importance of friendship”，偏离了题目。
写作技巧n 一. 开篇技巧n 1、主题的确立n 开篇的成功首先取决于立意的选择和主题的确立有了明确的立意和主题，文章便有了“纲”，材料的选择便有了依据一篇文章的主题是否明确，最直接的反映便是文章的中心思想句（thesis statement）以及段落的主题句（topic sentence）因此，中心思想句和主题句的写作对于文章的成败至关重要这里大家要注意两个问题：n （1）观点要清楚具体n 中心思想句和主题句写作有三忌：一忌模糊，二忌残缺，三忌笼统也即，要写好中心思想句和主题句，必须观点鲜明、态度明确、逻辑性强，避免模棱两可、似是而非的立场例如：对于Competition or Co-operation这个题目，有同学的观点如下： n I know co-operation is extremely important, but at the same time I also agree that without competition, there can be no progress in human civilization.n Admittedly competition may have some role in encouraging people to work hard, but we should never deny that co-operation is more important simply because we are humans, not animals.n 另外，中心思想句和主题句的写作还应尽量单一具体，范围不可过大过范，否则，不仅不利于谋篇布局，还容易跑题、漏题，请看下面的例子：n The 21st century is an information age. As China rapidly develops and becomes one of the world powers, the Internet plays a more and more important role in education, economy, politics and cultural life. Its impact can be most strongly felt in our society.n (2) 表达要完整正确n 表达的完整正确性包括两个方面：一、保证句子在语法上的完整独立，避免支离破碎的只言片语；二、注意措辞的准确和简洁，避免繁复臃肿的表达。
总之，立意明确新颖，措辞准确精当是我们在写作中心思想句和主题句时应该追求的目标n 例如：n 1） As the Internet makes education accessible to a much wider population than the traditional education.n The Internet makes education accessible to a much wider population than the traditional education.n 2) Although the school has an important role to play in the child’s growth, I still believe that the primary responsibility of bringing up the child should lie with the parents because it is only the parents who, with intimate knowledge of the child’s needs and characters, can provide effective and to-the-point education the it is the parents who, by shouldering the responsibility of bringing up the child, are making the most important contribution to the future of our country.n Although the school has an important role to play in the child’s growth, I still believe that the primary responsibility of bringing up the child should lie with the parents.n 2. 方法的选择 开篇时要遵循一条基本原则：开门见山、紧扣主题。
大家要克服贪大求全的毛病，避免第一段太长，导致全文头重脚轻一般来说，文章的开头和结尾各占全文的六分之一左右，也就是说400词的文章开头要控制在70词以内，最好能简明扼要地直奔主题以下几种开题方法可以借鉴：n 1）开门见山法：n 从涉及的话题出发，先用一两句做陈述，然后逐渐缩小话题，点明自己的观点或给出中心思想句n Advertising is everywhere: on television, on buses, in magazines, and in newspapers. Very often, we are talked into buying products we do not really need. The feeling of being treated upsets many of us. Now, it is time to see what effects advertising have on us ordinary people.n 2) 定义法n 定义法就是首先给文章中的关键词下定义，再由这个定义引申来展开文章这种方法尤其适用于主观性比较强或比较抽象的论题。
请看下面的例子：n What is meant by a real good student? A real good student is one who possesses good morality, perfect knowledge, sound health and various abilities. To attain this goal, I shall give a few suggestions as follows.n 3). 提问法n 提问法通常在文章开头提出一个问题，引起读者的好奇心或制造悬念，因此把读者的注意力直接引向中心论题，同时为下面的段落埋下伏笔，例如;n How should we bring up our children? Parents are fond of asking that question, and they should be. With the improvement of people’s life, most Chinese families do not mind spending money on expensive food and toys for their children. However, it is a false belief that an easy life fosters useful persons.n 4). 引用法n 引用名言、格言或谚语等作为文章的开头，可以增加文章的可读性和吸引力，给人留下深刻的印象。
但要注意，所用引言必须自然贴切，与题目吻合，不可为引用而引用，否则难免牵强附会n Sophia Loren, an Italian film star, once said: “Beauty is how you feel inside and reflects in your eyes. It is not something physical.” She was right. However, more and more people nowadays spend a fortune on plastic surgery, hoping that hey might gain a more beautiful face or figure. Plastic surgery can change people’s looks, but they do not give people beauty.n 3. 开题常用句型：n With the rapid improvement in… more and more…n With the growing awareness of… most people begin to…n Recently… has been brought to popular opinion.n …has caused increasing concern.n It is a traditional practice to…in our society.n Now it is widely believed that…二、拓展技巧v 1. 布局结构v 三段式：v Ⅰ. Introductory paragraph (Thesis statement)v Ⅱ. Body partv Paragraph 1: TS S1 S2 S3… Cv Paragraph 2: TS S1 S2 S3… Cv Paragraph 3: TS S1 S2 S3… Cv …v Ⅲ. Concluding 。