TheSubjunctiveMood 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设 该语法主要用于if条件状语从句 也可用于主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句等 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气 通常有三种情况 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 与将来事实可能相反 虚拟语气 例 IfIhadcomeheryesterday Iwouldhaveseenhim Ifyouhadgotupearlier youcouldhavecaughtthetrain 如果你早一点起床 就会赶上火车的 与过去相反 Iftheyhadstudiedhard theycouldhavedoneiteasilythatday 1 如果他们以前努力学习的话 那天干的就会容易些 2 如果他不听取我的建议 他就不会干得这样好 Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice hewouldn thavedoneitmuchbetterlikethis IfI timelastnight I toseethefilmwithyou hadhad wouldhavegone Ifhemorecarefully hethecaraccidentyesterday haddriven wouldnothavehad IfIhowtoswim Itrappedinthisisland hadlearnt wouldnothavebeen Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful themallwouldnotbeonfirenow 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同 这叫做混合条件句 例句中从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相反 Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday youwouldknowwhattodonow 例 IfIwereateacher Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick hadHIV wouldfeel were wouldbe 与现在相反 Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery IfIwonthelottery Iwould IfIwonthelottery Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar IfIhadalotofmoney Iwouldbuyavilla IfIhadalotofmoneynow Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld Ifitwerefinenow Iwouldgoshopping IfI ateacher I were 1 Iftheteacheraskedmetosolvetheproblemnexttime Icouldtrymybest 2 Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime hewouldtryagain 3 Ifweweretopanic wewouldnotbeabletohelp 与将来相反 如果你成功了 一切都会好起来 Ifyousucceeded everythingwouldbeallright Ifyoushouldsucceed everythingwouldbeallright Ifyouweretosucceed everythingwouldbeallright Ifhegotupearly hewouldbeontime wish InSubjunctivemood 虚拟语气的特殊用法 1 IwishIwereastallasyou IwishIwereabird Iwisheverydayweremybirthday Iwish wishedIhadn teatensomuchwatermelon Iwishitwouldraintomorrow 另外 DemandSuggestOrderProposeRequestCommandInsist etc should do 表示愿望 建议 命令 请求等 2 asif asthough Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse Buthedoesn townitorprobablydoesn townitorwedon tknowwhetherheownsitornot HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeentherehimself 主语从句中的虚拟语气 在句型 Itisimportant necessary strange natural that 中 that后面的从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 例句 It snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow 我们有必要出去散散步 It snaturalthatsheshoulddoso 她这样做是很自然的 It simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient 重要的是我们要照顾好病人 3 虚拟语气几个特例 1 ifonly意为 若是 那该多好啊 真希望 只要 只要 就好表示现在的情况 应用过去式 如果是过去的情况 应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime Ifonlyshedidn tdrivesofast 2 It s high right timethat that从句要用虚拟语气 谓语用过去时或should doIt stimethatyouleft shouldleavehere 3 一些介词短语 如 butfor 要不是 without otherwise 否则 等表示含蓄的条件 这时主句要用虚拟语气Withoutyourhelp wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress Butformybrother shelp Iwouldnothavefinisheditontime Ihadtodosth moreimportant otherwiseImighthavehelped 虚拟语气几个特例 Alan thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon A wouldhavemissedB hadmissedC wouldmissD missed2 Itwasthedrug notthedisease thatkilledtheboy Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe thatdrug A nottakeB shouldn thavetakenC didn ttakeD hadn ttaken Exercises 3 Simonlooksasthoughhenever asquaremeal 吃得饱 thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell A getB gettingC gotD shouldget4 HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe there A hadbeenB wereC wasD been 5 HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing No butIwishI A haveB willC doD had6 Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken 7 2002上海高考题 ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI inlove attheageofseven withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown A wouldn thavefallenB hadnotfallenC shouldfallD weretofall 8 Ifit sohard we dgototown A isn trainingB weren trainingC doesn trainD hasrain9 IwishI youyesterday A sawB didseeC hadseenD weretosee 10 Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe toyourplan A didn tagreeB hadn tagreedC wouldn tagreeD notagree11 Thefatherinsistedhisdaughter arichman A wouldbeengagedtoB beengagedtoC shouldengagedtoD mustbeengagedto 12 You earlier Thebusleftamomentago A wouldcomeB shouldhavecomeC mustcomeD couldhavecome13 Shemadeasuggestionthattheplan carefully A beconsideredB wasconsideredC shouldconsiderD wouldbeconsidered Theend 。