宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,,主语,,谓语,,宾语,（简单句）,,主语,,谓语,,宾 语 从 句,,引导词,,从句主语,,从句谓语,,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语句子结构： 主句 + 引导词（连词）+ 宾语从句,一、引导词（连词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句）, 连词由that引导, 因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.,He said (that) I was younger than him.,He says (that) Tom is a good student.,,,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know . We’re sure (that) our team will win . I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam .,注意:当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而 不能用if.如: I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not.,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），if/whether翻译为：“是否”，具有一定的意义，不能省略1. She said, “ Do you often come here early? ” 2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if/whether I often came here early.,He asked if/whether they would go visit the Great Wall.,,,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由原特殊疑问词引导，因为特殊疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。
1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,,,,,陈 述 句,that,一般疑问句,if (whether),特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词,祈使句,肯定句,to+动词原形,否定句,not to+ 动词原形,He said to me, “Open the door, please!” He asked/told me to open the door.,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态(包括：一般现在时， 现在进行时,现在完成时）,从句的时态一般保 持不变he will ask Jim a question. I am a good friend. He says he isn’t feeling well now. he came back last night. he has been here twice before.,,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要一致。
I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,注意：当从句是客观真理、定义、公理、 定理时，用一般现在时The teacher said that the sun goes/travels around the earth . 2. The teacher said the sun rises from the east and sets in the west . 3. The teacher said the light travels/runs faster than the sound. 4. The teacher said Japan is in the east of Asia .,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他,1.陈述句——基本不变,He said, “You are younger than I ”.,He said (that) I was younger than him.,He says (that) Tom is a good student.,,,He says, “ Tom is a good student.”,2. 问句——还原为陈述语序 be动词、情态动词及助动词(包括have/has)放到从句主语之后; 2)助动词do /does/ did 应删去, 谓语动词根据实际情况而变。
1. Who is Jim waiting for ? I know 2.Can Lily carry the basket ? I know 3. Where did Anna go yesterday? I know,Jim is waiting for.,Lily can carry the basket.,Anna went the day before.,who,whether/if,where,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I don’t know what he wants to buy . I don’t know what does he want to buy .,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?,4. Does he know French ? We want to know if/whether he knows French . We want to know if/whether does he know French.,5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? They’ re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer . They’ re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in summer .,1. Did the students have a picnic last Sunday? Do you know ? 2. Mr. Smith have been in China for about three years . Jim told Lin Tao .,Do you know if/whether the students had a picnic last Sunday ?,Jim told Lin Tao (that) Mr. Smith had been in China for about three years .,3. Which book should I read first ? Please tell me . 4. Light travels faster than sound . Our teacher told us in yesterday’s class.,Please tell me which book I should read first .,Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterday’s class .,1．could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ? Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ? Would you like to know when he will come back ?,2. 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能 用whether而不用if.,Could you tell me whether that’s a fast train or not ? Do you know whether he is right or not ? I don’t care whether he’ll stay here or not .,1). Do you know if ______back next week ? If he ______ back , please let me know . A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come,3. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：,C,2). I don’t know when he _________ (come) . I can’t wait here any more . When he _______ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?,will come,comes,if 如果, 假如,when 当…时,if 是否 when 何时 不影响句子时态,4. 连词+宾语从句 连词+to do,I don’t know what I shall do next . I don’t know what to do next . She didn’t decide which one she would choose . She didn’t decide which one to choose . Please tell me whom you’ll give the letter to . Please tell me whom to give the letter to .,,1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter. A. either B. that C。