法律翻译过程中的常见问题一、拼写或识词错误书写或识别英文词汇时，将单词拼错，或将外形相近的词汇混淆1.defendant (被告), respondent (答辩人，<上诉、离婚等案件的>被告), dependent (附属的，受抚/赡养的；受抚/赡养人)对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人认为有独立请求权的，有权提起诉讼译文：A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent claim with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to initiate an action.2. causal (原因的，有关因果的)—casual(偶然的，临时的，随便的)在被告过失与原告所受伤害之间，肯定有一个因果关系译文：There must be a causal connection between the defendant’s negligence and the plaintiff’s injury.a casual meeting，巧遇；a casual visitor, 不速之客；casual expenses，临时费用；a casual remark，随口的插话 3. council (n.理事会，联席会，商谈会)—counsel (n.协商，忠告；法律顾问，律师v.劝告，协商)the State Council（中国的）国务院The accused enjoys the right to the Assistance of Counsel for hisdefence. 被告人有权获得律师帮助为其辩护。
4. effect (vt.实现，使生效；招致)—affect (vt.影响，感动，侵袭，假装)履行地点不明确，给付货币的，在接受给付一方的所在地履行，其他标的在履行义务一方的所在地履行译文：If the place of performance is unclear, and the payment is money, the performance shall beeffectedat the place of residence of the party receiving the payment; if the payment is other than money, the performance shall beeffectedat the place of residence of the party fulfilling the obligation.二、语法错误1. On June 4, 2012, a 29-year-old Canadian porn actor suspected with killing and dismembering (肢解) a Chinese student in Montreal, Canada, was arrested in Berlin, local police authorities confirmed. 当地警方证实，2012年6月4日，涉嫌在加拿大蒙特利尔杀害并肢解一名中国留学生的一名29岁加拿大色情男演员在柏林被捕。
修改要点：with→ofsuspect sb. of doing sth.怀疑某人做人事 2. 任何国家机关、社会团体和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民No state organ, public organization and individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.修改要点：and→ or; discriminate → discriminate against (discriminate v. 区分；差别对待~ between A and B, ~ from A and B; ~ against 歧视; ~ in favor of 优待) 3. 明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生，因而构成犯罪的，是故意犯罪An intentional crime refers to an act committed by a person who clearly knows that his act will cause social dangerous consequences but who hopes or allows such consequences to occur, thus constituting a crime.修改要点：social→ socially; hopes→ wishes三、术语错误 1. 对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人认为有独立请求权的，有权提起诉讼。
A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent request with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to bring a prosecution.修改要点：request → claim; bring a prosecution (刑事诉讼；控诉方，公诉方)→ initiate an action 2. 人民法院有权要求当事人提供或补充证据The People’s Court shall have the right to request the parties to provide or supplement evidence.修改要点：shall have→ has；right→ authority (authority, 凭职位而享有的、可对他人行使的“权力”；right，个人的“权利”；power, 个人享有的、法律赋予的某种“权力”); request →require 其他术语正误对照：术 语正确译文错误译文评 注犯罪行为criminal actcriminal actioncriminal action刑事诉讼民法通则General Civil Lawgeneral principles of the civil law民法通则实属民法范畴，并非仅为民法的原则，也有具体实体权利等的规定民事权利rights in civil matters; civil-law rightscivil rightscivil rights“民权”民事行为civil actcivil conductcivil conduct可表“文明行为”法律规定的provided by lawstipulated by lawstipulated用于合同的“规定”返还财产restitutionrestitution of propertyrestitution本身意为“返还财产”追究刑事责任be prosecuted criminallycriminal responsibility be investigatedinvestigate难尽“追究”之含义民事法律行为juristic actcivil juristic actjuristic act本身为民法概念过错方the party at faultthe erring partyerring出差错，不同于“有过错”知识产权intellectual propertyintellectual property rightsrights多余法制国家state under the rule of lawlegal statelegal state易生歧义法制教育education in legality (legality, 法律性，合法性问题)education of the legal system; legal education法制教育并非“法律制度教育”，也非“法学教育”(legal education)实施细则rules for implementationimplementation rulesimplementation rules说法不够地道无因管理management without mandatemanagement without reasonsmandate n. 指令，授权劳资纠纷industrial dispute; labor-management disputelabor disputelabor可表“劳工，劳方”，labor dispute暗含“劳方挑起纠纷”，有歧视劳方之嫌临终遗嘱deathbed will/testament(deathbed a.临终所作的n.临终床，临终时间；on one’s deathbed临终时)last willlast will意为“最终的遗嘱”亲生子女biological/birth/natural/real child; child by bloodone’s own childone’s own child未必“亲生”诉讼费用costsexpense in litigationcosts为通用的法律术语外资企业foreign-funded/capital enterpriseforeign enterprise“外国企业”异于“外资企业”养子女adopted child(ren)adoptive child(ren)adopted有被动意味一夫多妻制polygyny (-gyny女性)polygamy (-gamy结婚)polygamy指“多配偶制”act of the law由法律规定促成的权利义务得丧变更的效果法律行为act in the law, juristic act才是“法律行为”action at law诉讼法律诉讼action at law，意同actionadhesion contract霸王合同，片面合同(向对方提出不平等的限制，不准谈判)附意合同“附意合同”未能准确传达文意administration of justice司法；审判司法管理；司法行政administration意为“施行”associate judge/justice不兼任庭/院长的法官助理/陪审法官应正确理解语义blue sky law保护证劵投资者免遭欺诈的法律证劵交易管理法应正确理解语义body corporate法人法人团体译文应求准确、精炼chief justice(上诉或最高法院的)院/庭长；审判长；主管法官首席法官应正确理解语义；注意：chief judge <美>首席法官(主持开。