新版深圳广州沈阳牛津版八年级英语上unit5 educational exchanges知识点语法练习重点单词和短语1. accept v. 接受；承认（反义词refuse）2. educational adj. 教育（n. education）3. exchange n. & v. 交换；交流 4. host n. 主人（反义词guest）5. own adj. 自己的 v. 拥有( n. owner) 6. simple = easy adj. 简单的（反义词difficult）7. culture n.文化 (adj. cultural)8. confident adj.自信的(n. confidence) 9. deep adj.深的 (adv. deeply)10. improve v. 改善，改进 ( n. improvement)短语 1. take a visit / trip to … 去某处参观（旅行） 2. be able to do 能够做3. give a talk about/ on sth. to sb. 向某人做关于某事的报告 4. throughout the world= all over the world 全世界5. live/ stay with 与…生活在一起6. go on sightseeing (tours) 去观光 7. make friends with 与…交朋友8. as well as 还；也；不及 9. since then 从那时起；打那以后10. keep/get in touch with 与…保持联系 11. in case 万一12.in order that 为了…… 13. be confident of …..对…..感到有信心14. look forward to doing…盼望做某事 15.apply for 申请16.go on a sightseeing tour 进行观光旅游 17. be deeply moved 被深深地打动18. win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 19. improve the situation 改善情况语法--现在完成时如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下面的句子：（1）I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again.这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。
2）Have you answered all the questions? 所有的问题你都回答了吗（3）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure?你看过旅游宣传册吗？（4）She has never visited the USA.她从没有过去美国观察：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是_____________________________, 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”一、 现在完成时的概念①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了② 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. ③常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：just刚刚 yet 仍然，还 now 现在 lately 最后ever 曾经 today 今天 never 从未 before 从前recently 最近 already 已经 this week 本周 since 自从for a long tine 很长时间了 since then 自那以来 so far 到目前为止 in the past/last few years 在过去/最近的几年二、构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词”随堂练习.把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。
1. I have done my homework.否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________回答：_________________________________________2. The plane has arrived.一般疑问句：___________________回答：_________________________________________三、动词的过去分词构成规则（1） 规则变化 大部分动词在词尾直接加-edclean cleaned help helped 以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d like liked live lived以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed try tried study studied重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.plan planned stop stopped不规则变化see seen find found需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆随堂练习写出下列单词的过去分词形式work finish arrive change see have marry visit miss prefer do hear live clean study meet be climb plan take keep buy spend learn forget bring 现在完成时用法归纳1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。
此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词) 如： The plane has arrived.常用的时间状语和副词：already ,yet , ever , never①already 已经； yet 尚未，仍未，还；强调前不久完成的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用非延续性动词already 用于肯定句中，yet 用于否定句和疑问句的句末例如：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的家庭作业了He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)______________________________________________②ever (曾经)，句中；never (从不) ，表示否定，强调到目前为止的生活经历谓语动词用延续性动词例如：Have you ever climb that mountain? 你曾经爬过那座山吗？ Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾经去过上海吗？I have never late for school.我从来没有迟到过。
③already ever与never应位于助动词have/has 之后，主要动词之前拓展：before (以前)，句尾，独立用I haven’t met him before. 我以前从来没有见过他just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息跟踪训练（ ）1. Have you ______ heard of Disneyland?A. always B. ever C. never D. sometimes（ ）2. I have ______ finished my homework. So I can have a rest now.A. ever B. already C. never D. yet（ ）3. She is a good student, she has _______ been late for school.A. ever B. already C. never D. yet（ ）4. I am very hungry , I haven’t had my breakfast________.A. ever B. already C. never D. yet2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作，常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。
如： Have you seen her these days? Have you been to the library today? 3.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用如：a. for + 一段时间：for two hours b.since + 时间点：since 1999, since last yearc.since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago d.since + 从句（用过去时）e.up to now, till now, until now, so far f..in the past two years, in the last few days g.recently, lately如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years. His mother has worked in the shop since 1990. [注]：其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
如： I have had this book for one and a half years. (这本书我已买了一年半了！) 跟踪训练用since 或者for 填空1. I have studied English _______ 5 years.2. I have studied English _______ 5 years ago.3. I have studied English _______ 2008.4. She has taught math _________ 3 years.5. She has taught math _________ 3 years ago.6. She has taught math _________ 2010.4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用英语中的短暂性动词，。