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1、Part Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section AA rat or pigeon pdn 鸽子 might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some26 K superior skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban27 D nuisance ,
2、 but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the28 M tipof your index finger（食指）, pigeons have a very impressive29 O visual memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accura
3、te kjrt精确的 as humans at detecting（探测，检查） breast（胸部） cancer in images（影像）.Rats are often30 A associatedwith spreading disease rather than31 F preventingit, but this long-tailed animal is highly32 H sensitive . Inside a rats nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas
4、humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect _33 I slight smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核). When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub（擦，摩擦） their legs to34 C indicate a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would
5、 take lab technicians more than two days to35 B examine, but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesnt rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.一只老鼠或鸽子可能不是照顾生病的人的明显选择，但这些生物拥有大约的
6、高级技能，可以帮助治疗人类疾病。鸽子通常被视为肮脏的鸟类和城市的滋扰，但它们只是最近发现的一长串动物，有能力帮助人类。尽管有大脑 不大于28米的食指尖，鸽子有一个非常令人印象深刻的视觉记忆。最近的研究表明，他们可以被训练得和人类一样精确地在图像中检测乳房。大鼠通常与传播疾病有关，而不是阻碍，但这种长尾动物高度敏感。在老鼠的鼻子里有多达1000种不同类型的奥尔法 而人类只有100到200种类型。这使大鼠有能力检测出轻微的气味。结果，一些老鼠被投入到检测结核病(肺结核)的工作中。当 老鼠发现了气味，他们停下来，把腿摩擦，表明样本被感染了。传统上，一百个样本需要实验室技术人员两天以上的时间来进行检测
7、，但对于一只老鼠，它所需的时间不到20分钟。这种老鼠检测方法不依赖于专家装备。这也是更准确的-老鼠能够发现更多的结核病感染，因此，拯救更多的生命。Section BDo In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?.在课堂上考试使学生学习更努力吗？Research suggests they may study more broadly（完全地; 大体上） for the unexpected rather than search for answers研究表明，他们可能会研究更广泛，以寻找意想不到的答案，而不是寻找答案。我一直是个很差的应试者。所以我回
8、来了可能有点奇怪44A I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree（省略了that的定语从句） I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal言语的; 口头的 answer
9、while I am still processingprsesn.（ 过程; 工序vt. 加工; 处理） the question.我一直是个很差的考生。因此，我回到大学完成了40年前未完成的学位，这似乎有点奇怪。我要通过哥伦比亚大学 在我还在处理这个问题的时候，学生们迅速地提供了口头的答案。40B Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently（当前，目前）questioning what kind are the most taxing（繁重的，费力的） and ultimately beneficial. I ha
10、ve already sweated（流汗；做苦工） through numerous nju:mrs in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues（发布） take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring（算出） I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my mid
11、term the morning it was due（应有的权利; 应得到的东西;）. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.由于我没有办法避免考试，我目前在质疑哪种考试最费钱，最终是有益的。我已经在无数的期中和期末考试中汗流浃背。 现在我有一位教授负责给我带回家。当我学到这个的时候，我很兴奋，我想我有整整一周的时间来做研究，阅读课文，然后把它全部写出来。事实上，我还在 在我期中考试即将到来的那一天。说我把线弄丢了，这是温和的说法。38C As I was suffering through my week of anxiety,
12、 overthinking the material and guessing my grasp（控制; 控制力; 能力所及） of it, I did some of my own polling（对进行调查） among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety（多样化）. He believes students ultimately learn more and enc
13、ourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldnt happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”当我经历了一周的焦虑，过度思考和猜测我对
14、它的掌握时，我在学生和教授中做了一些自己的调查。大卫艾森巴赫，教流行音乐 在哥伦比亚大学的美国总统的班级，更喜欢课堂上的各种.。他相信学生最终会学到更多的东西，并鼓励他们组成学习小组。“这样，他们就可以在历史上进行社交活动了。 他解释道：“课堂考试没有压力，课堂考试就不会发生，而且，课堂考试迫使学生学习如何在压力下表演，以及基本的滑雪作业。39D He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a
15、 scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around）（绕开） any codes（ 行为准则; 代码） or ho
16、pefully, too ethical ekl （adj. 道德的） to consider doing so. As I sat blocked（封锁的） and clueless （无能的） for two solidsld（固体的; 实心的; 结实的，可靠的） days, I momentarily mmntrli（马上） wondered if I couldnt just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling （解决）, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.他还说，在课堂上作弊的可能性较小。2012，有125名哈佛学生被发现在一次带回家的考试中作弊，从而卷入了一桩
