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1、4. 英语科技论文写作,The general structure of a paper comprises following sections(in their typical sequence): title, authors, affiliate(附属机构，即作者所在单位), abstraction, keywords, introduction, body, conclusion, acknowledgments(致谢), appendix（如果有的话）, references.,4.1 Title,“as the fewest possible words that adequat
2、ely describe the contents of the paper” effective titles should: identify the main issue of the paper begin with the subject of the paper are accurate, unambiguous, specific, and complete do not contain abbreviations(缩写） attract readers,example： An efficient arithmetic codes suiting for hardware des
3、ign(一种硬件实现的高效算术编码) Network Programming Based on Web(基于Web的网络编程)。,4.1 Title,Attention: avoid to use words like: studies on, investigations on, observations on problem is not proper for title Articles in title(题名中的冠词)。 在早年，科技论文题名中的冠词用得较多，近些年有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。eg：The Application of Microprocessors on
4、 Processing of Chemical Heat-treatment其中的冠词the可不用。 标题长度一般不超过12个单词,4.1 Title,upper case and lower case in title a. THE APPLICATION OF THE MODELS OF NONLINEAR REGRESSION. b. The Contourlet Transform for Image Compression.(每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写。) c. Image coding using wavelet transform The
5、form b. is often used, but the form c. appear more and more.,4.1 Title,4.2 Authors,Li Hui Li Huihui , Li Hui-hui Hui Li Huihui Li, Hui-hui Li,单位应是作者在进行研究工作时所在的单位，一般写在作者姓名下方。寄给国外杂志应写明所在单位的部门，如大学的系、研究所的室、医院的科等。在国内杂志上发表文章，不写单位地址；在国外杂志发表文章，一般应在单位下面写详细地址。 若作者不止一人，而又来自不同单位，则单位可分别写在合作者下方。 也可以在作者姓名右上方注上a, b
6、, c或星号*, *，然后在脚注中分别列出这些记号并写上单位和地址。,4.3 Affiliate,4.4 Abstract,“an abstract comprises a one paragraph summary of the whole paper. ” Abstracts have become increasingly important, as electronic publication databases are the primary means of finding research reports in a certain subject area today .,A c
7、hecklist listing relevant parts of an abstract: Motivation: Why do we care about the problem and the results? Problem statement: What problem is the paper trying to solve and what is the scope of the work? Approach: What was done to solve the problem? Results: What is the answer to the problem? Conc
8、lusions: What implications does the answer imply?,4.4 Abstract,4.4 Abstract,There are some things that should not be included in an abstract: Information and conclusions not stated in the paper references to other literature the exact title phrase illustrative elements such as tables and figures,4.4
9、 Abstract,Common used sentences in abstract writing: This paper introduce(s) propose(s) present(s) describe(s) discuss(s) deal(s) with focus(es) on show(s) In this paper, is(are) introduced.,4.4 Abstract,This paper(article) is concerned with(aimed at、intended to) the study(determination of) It is th
10、e aim(intend、purpose) of this paper to discuss(present、describe) The chief aim(main purpose、primary object)of this paper is to has(have) concluded(gained、obtained、yielded、arrived at、generated、acquired) This result(fact、demonstration、illustration、classification、comparison、analyses) gives (shows),4.4
11、Abstract,The approach is based on Conditions are considered for The required foris needed The formulas is derived for according to Test has been carried out to study The simulation is performed using The result of this study can be generalized for Result forare found to be close to the experimental
12、data.,4.4 Abstract,实例1： 一种适合硬件实现的高效算术编码 摘要：本文提出了利用查找来实现二值算术编码，避免乘除法运算，可以简化硬件设计，该算法具有较小的概率逼近误差，因此性能退化较小。 Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new implementation of multiplication-free binary arithmetic coding by use of table lookup which reduce the complexity of hardware design. The scheme can be sh
13、own to have better approximation of the used probability model and to have minor performance degradation.,4.4 Abstract,摘要一般符合2个要求就可以被EI收录: 专业对口 英文文摘符合要求,EI文摘要求,具体要求如下： (1) 文摘要尽量简短。 取消不必要的字句：如 ”It is reported ” “Extensive investigations show that” “The author discusses ” “This paper concerned with ”
14、；文摘开头的 ”In this paper,”一些不必要的修饰词，如“in detail”、“briefly”、 “here”、 “new”、 “mainly”也尽量不要。 对物理单位及一些通用词可以适当进行简化；,EI文摘要求,取消或减少背景信息 文摘第一句应避免与题目（Title）重复 限制文摘只表示新情况，新内容，过去的研究细节可以取消； 不说无用的话，如“本文所谈的有关研究工作是对过去老工艺的一个极大的改进”，“本工作首次实现了.”，“经检索尚未发现与本文类似的文献”等词句切不可进入文摘； 作者在文献中谈及的未来计划不纳入文摘；,EI文摘要求,(2)文摘应包含正文的要点，将文章的主要内
15、容写清楚，重点内容不能漏掉，比如试验研究的方法、设备、材料等，一定要给出结论。 (3)文摘应有自我的独立性(EI是二次文献的数据库，只有摘要，没有原文，所以摘要很重要)。 (4)不需要自己标榜自己的研究成果。 (5)文摘中不能出现图、表数据。 (6)语句简洁，专业词汇准确。,EI文摘要求,文体方面的要求： (1)用过去时态叙述作者工作，用现在时态叙述作者结论 (2)能用名词做定语不要用动名词做定语，能用形容 词做定语就不要用名词做定语 如:用measurement accuracy 不用 measuring accuracy 用experimental results 不用 experimen
16、t results,EI文摘要求,可直接用名词或名词短语作定语的情况下，要少用of 句型。 如:用measurement accuracy 不用accuracy of measurement 用equipment structure 不用 structure of equipment 可用动词的情况尽量避免用动词的名词形式 如:用 Thickness of plastic sheets was measured. 不用 Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made.,EI文摘要求,(3)注意冠词用法，不要误用，滥用或随便省略冠词 (4)尽量用主动语态代替被动语态 (5)尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知的词 (6)慎用行话和俗语 (7)删繁从简 如用 increased 代替 has been found to increase 用the results show 代替 from the experimental results, it can be concluded that,E
