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1、2008 Text 3 In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the y
2、ears, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago,
3、 todays people especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they arent likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, weve pretty much gone as far as we can
4、go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calorie
5、s and nutrients notably, protein to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern
6、 known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height 59 for men, 54 for women hasnt really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more diffic
7、ulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic
8、architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but dont expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and
9、 workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use todays da
10、ta and feel fairly confident.”31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example toA illustrate the change of height of NBA players.B show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.C compare different generations of NBA players.D assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32.Which of the following plays a
11、 key role in body growth according to the text?A Genetic modification.B Natural environment.C Living standards.D Daily exercise.33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?A Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.B Human height is conditioned by the up
12、right posture.C Americans are the tallest on average in the world.D Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near futureA the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.B the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.C genetic te
13、sting will be employed in selecting sportsmen.D the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35.The text intends to tell us thatA the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.B human height is becoming even more predictable.C Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.D t
14、he genetic pattern of Americans has altered.村民建房委员会应建立村级农房建设质量安全监督制度和巡查制度，选聘有责任心和具有一定施工技术常识的村民作为义务巡查监督员，开展经常性的巡查和督查。5【参考答案解析】31.参考答案【A】【解析】AWilt Chamberlain在第一段，先定位，“In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven fe
15、et. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.”19世纪60年代初，Wilt Chamberlain是NBA身高超过7尺的3人之一，如果他打了最后一个赛季的话，他将是42人之一。说明后来NBA中身高超过7尺的增加到了42人。也就证明了NBA运动员的身高变化。B显示了美国NBA球员的名声，与原文不符。C 比较了NBA两代的球员的区别，与原文不符。D评估了著名NBA球员的成绩，与原文不符。故选A。32.参考答案【C】【解析】C. “But as diet and health improved, ch
16、ildren and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years,”说明导致身高增长的因素有饮食和健康的改善，就是参考答案所说的生活水平。A基因变化，这个与原文不符。B自然环境，文中没有提及。D日常锻炼，与原文不符。故选C。33.参考答案【B】B原文” Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal
