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1、动词不定式和动名词用法比较（Infinitive and Gerund）I. 不定式和动名词形式形式不定式和动名词形式时态不定式(destroy为例)动名词( forbid为例)分词(现在分词)不及物动词(rise为例)及物动词(write为例)主动式被动式主动式被动式主动式被动式一般时进行时N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A完成时完成进行时N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A否定自测表：主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语不定式动名词II. 不定式和动名词在句中做的成份主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语 不定式动名词III. 疑问词 + 动词不定式to do疑问词+不定式用法 Usage范例 （请给疑问
2、词+不定式下划线）作主语（谓语动词通常用单数形式）How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.Where to go tomorrow has not been decide.作宾语作动词的宾语:advise, ask, consider, decide, discuss explain, forget, know, learn, show, remember, teach, tell He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.Y
3、ou should not go rafting unless you know how to swim. 作介词的宾语About, as, from, in, of, on, with, He has no idea of how to answer this question.We had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.作双宾语中的直接宾语:advise, ask, show, teach, tellHe will advise you what to doWill you show me
4、how to use this machine?作表语Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.The question is which to choose. IV. 用法用法动词不定式 (to do)动名词 (doing)主语主语形式主语 (it)It is + adj. of / for sb. to do sth.It is useless (no use) doing sth. It is no good doing sth. It is a waste of time doing s
5、th.宾语后跟不定式的动词To do: afford；agree; ask; attempt; choose; claim; decide; demand; determine; expect; fail; help; hesitate; hope; intend; long; manage; offer; plan; prepare; pretend; promise; refuse; strive; tend; threaten; want; wishSb. to do: advise; allow; ask; beg; cause; drive; enable; expect; enco
6、urage; forbid; force; get; inform; invite; order; permit; persuade; want; warnacknowledge = admit = confess; admire; appreciate; avoid; ban; consider; delay = postpone; deny; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse = forgive; favour; finish = complete; forbid; forgive; imagine = fancy; include; involve; keep
7、; mention; mind; miss; practice; quit; resist; risk; stand(容忍); suggestTensesto do to be doneto be doing- /to have done to have been done do （主动、过程）see sb/ sth doing（主动，进行） done (被动)逻辑主语: sbs doing sth.介词 + doingFrom: prevent/ stop sb. from doing sth.; keep sb. (from) doing sth.; protect sb. from do
8、ing sthIn: There is no point (in) doing: have difficulty/trouble/fun (in) doing;be busy (in) doing (be busy with sth.) : spend ST./SM (in) doing (spend ST./SM. on sth.): be involved in doing sth. = be engaged in doing; succeed in doing: persevere in doing = persist in doingTo: be used to doing = be
9、accustomed to doing: look forward to doing; stick to doing; lead to doing; confess to doing; sit(get) down to doing; devote/dedicate oneself to doing; owe sth. to doing; prefer doing A to doing B; pay attention to doing; the key to doinginsist on doing; keep on doing; think of doing; dream of doing;
10、 be fond of doing; give up doing; end up doing; set about doing; put off doing; cant help doing; feel like doing 形式宾语 (it)sb. find it +adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 动词：think, make, find, consider, feelI find it a hard thing (no use) translating Chinese poems into English.sb. find it + n.+ doing sth. 动词：
11、believe, consider, feel, find, imagine, make, thinkV + doing/ to doregret ; mean; remember ; forget ; go on ; stop to do ; try 表语系动词后L-V+ to do 系动词：be; seem; appear, prove; turn out; growL-V+ doing定语序数词，形容词.后the first one to come; has an opinion to share; sth. be +adj. to do (prep.)a washing machine
12、 = a machine for washing; a living room = a room for living a dining table = a table for dining; reading materials = materials for reading状语表目的(so as to, in order toHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus. N/A在句末表示事先没有预料到的结果，前面常用only表强调He searched the room only to find nothing./I visited him only to find him out.作表语的状语表示原因/程度 I am glad to see you./The room is large enough to have meeting in.
