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1、2018考研英语（一）冲刺测试卷试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)b5E2RGbCAPIf sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource
2、 management is not traditionally seen as _1_ to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or _2_ at the lowest possible costmuch _3_one buys raw materials or equipment.p1EanqFDPwThe lack of importance _4_ to human resource man
3、agement can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second _5_ command. The _6_ of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who _7_ it is never consulted on
4、 major strategic decisions and has no chance to _8_ to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). _9_, in Japan the head of human-resource management is centralusually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms _10_.DXDiTa9E3dAs a _11_, problems _12_ when new breakthrough technologies arriv
5、e. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn _13_ to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers on Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is _14_ in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running a
6、t capacity, and the need for _15_ retraining _16_ costs and creates bottlenecks that _17_ the speed with _18_ new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological _19_. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population _20_ the wages of the top half. If the bottom
7、 half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.RTCrpUDGiT1.A necessary B dispensableC centralD understandable5PCzVD7HxA2.A rentedBacquiredC requiredD gotjLBHrnAILg3.A likeB thatC asD while4.A compa
8、red B attached C detached D entitledxHAQX74J0X5.A in B on C throughD byLDAYtRyKfE6.A responsibilityB personalityC importanceD postZzz6ZB2Ltk7.A supervisesB holds C manages D bringsdvzfvkwMI18.A pick up B start up C put up D move uprqyn14ZNXI9.A FurthermoreB SimilarlyC AlthoughD HoweverEmxvxOtOco10.A
9、 hierarchyB postC positionD managementSixE2yXPq511.A matterB fact C result D case6ewMyirQFL12.A invent B emerge C perform D exposekavU42VRUs13.A how B what C where D whomy6v3ALoS8914.A fewer B higher C littler D lowerM2ub6vSTnP15.A extensive B intensive C excessive D decisive0YujCfmUCw16.A producesB
10、 generates C manufacturesD growseUts8ZQVRd17.A promoteB limit C confineD acceleratesQsAEJkW5T18.A which B that C where D whomGMsIasNXkA19.A innovationB recessionC progressionD adaptationTIrRGchYzg20.A raise B lift C affect D balance7EqZcWLZNXSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the fo
11、llowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (40 points)lzq7IGf02EText 1A divided Supreme Court ruled Monday that police may take DNA samples when booking those arrested for serious crimes, narrowly upholding a Maryland law an
12、d opening the door to more widespread collection of DNA by law enforcement.zvpgeqJ1hkThe court ruled 5 to 4 that government has a legitimate interest in collecting DNA from arrestees, just as it takes photographs and collects fingerprints. Rejecting the view that the practice constitutes an unlawful
13、 search, the majority said it was justified to establish the identity of the person in custody. “DNA identification represents an important advance in the techniques used by law enforcement to serve legitimate police concerns for as long as there have been arrests,” Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote
14、for the majority.NrpoJac3v1The dissenters were three of the courts liberals plus conservative Justice Antonin Scalia, who amplified his displeasure by reading a summary of his dissent.“The court has cast aside a bedrock rule of our Fourth Amendment law: that the government may not search its citizens for evidence of crime unless there is a reasonable cause to believe that such evidence will be found,” In his dissent, Scalia wrote that the majoritys attempts to justify the use of DNA as an identification tool “taxes the naivety
