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1、专利培训讲座 -,南京知识律师事务所 南京市科技法律咨询服务中心 蒋海军 律师、专利代理人,二一二年九月二十九日,专利的基本制度 Patent general knowledge 专利申请文件 The patent application document 美日欧专利制度简介 Patent system in USA, Japan, Europe 专利分析及如何避开专利权 Understand the patent and how to avoid the patent 知识产权维权 Patent enforcement in china,专利的基本制度 Patent general know
2、ledge,一、先申请原则 First registration enjoying the priority 二、专利权人与发明人 Patentee and inventor 三、专利权的保护种类 Patent (Invention), Utility Models and Design 四、专利申请授权的程序 The progress for grant 五、不受专利保护的主题 Not protected by patent right 六、专利授权的实质性条件 Novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability,先申请原则,（1）两个以上发
3、明人就同样的发明创造申请专利的，专利权授予最先申请的人。 Where two or more applicants file applications for patent for the identical invention-creation, the patent right shall be granted to the applicant whose application was filed first. 以“申请日”为标准判断先后 Based on the application date 两个以上申请人同日递交相同申请的，由申请人协商 two or more applicant
4、s who, on the same day, file applications for patent regarding identical invention-creations shall negotiate between themselves. （2）禁止重复授权 For any identical invention-creations, only one patent right shall be granted,专利权人与发明人 Patentee and inventor,（1）职务发明创造 Service invention-creation 执行本单位的任务或主要是利用本
5、单位物质技术条件完成的发明创造 (1) in the course of performing his own duty; (2) in execution of any task, other than his own duty, which was delivered to him by the entity to which he belongs; 提出申请的权利属于发明人/设计人的单位 The right to apply for a patent belongs to the duty,（2）非职务发明创造 Non-service invention-creation 职务发明以外的
6、发明创造 提出申请的权利属于发明人/设计人本人 The right to apply for a patent belongs to the inventor or creator （3）约定权属发明创造 A contract in which the right to apply for and own a patent 由发明人/设计人与相关单位或个人依法约定 个人案例（case）：发明人名单慎重,专利权的保护种类The kinds of patent,发明专利 Invention 是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案 As mentioned in the Patent Law
7、 means any new technical solution relating to a product, a process or an improvement thereof 实用新型专利 Utility model 是指对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案 As mentioned in the Patent Law means any new technical solution relating to a products shape, structure, or a combination thereof, which is fit for practi
8、cal use 外观设计 Design 是指对产品的形状、图案或者其结合以及色彩与形状、图案的结合所作出的富有美感并适于工业应用的新设计 As mentioned in the Patent Law means any new design of a products shape, pattern or a combination thereof, as well as its combination with the color and the shape or pattern of a product, which creates an aesthetic feeling and is f
9、it for industrial application,发明专利,产品发明 Product，如电子器具、仪器、用具、某种合金、化合物等 方法发明 Process ，制造某种产品的方法，或者某种物质、某种方法的新用途。如：树脂的制备方法、废水的处理方法、一种试剂的用途等。,实用新型,产品的形状Products shape ，其必须是确定的，没有确定形状的产品不能获得实用新型保护，例如液体、气体、颗粒状、粉末状的产品； 产品的构造 Structure ，可以是机械构造，如自行车，也可以是线路构造，如收音机； 产品的结合Combination ，如螺栓与螺帽，锁和钥匙等,2008俄罗斯奥运代表团
10、赠总统吉祥物,专利申请授权的程序 The progress for grant,发明专利申请的审查程序简图 Invention,实用新型/外观设计 Utility Models and Design 专利申请的审查程序简图,专利审查周期 The time from file to grant,发明专利：平均22个月 Invention: average 22 months 实用新型8-12个月 Utility Models : average8-12 months 外观设计6-10个月 Design: average 6-10 months,发明专利申请至授权的五个阶段 The five st
11、ep from file to grant,受理程序 Accept the application 初审程序 The fist examination 公布 Declare 实审程序 The actual examination 授权/驳回 Grant/ Reject,不受专利保护的主题 Not protected by patent right,（1）科学发现 Scientific discoveries 伦琴发现X射线 牛顿发现万有引力定律 （2）智力活动的规则和方法 Rules and methods for mental activities 具有抽象思维的特点，不利用自然规律 如棋类
12、的比赛规则，图书分类编目方法等,（3）疾病的诊断和治疗方法Methods for the diagnosis or for the treatment of diseases 诊脉法、针灸、电疗等 但为诊断、治疗疾病所使用的物质、仪器、设备等可以被授予专利权，如假肢、假牙、助听器等 （4）动物和植物品种Animal and plant varieties （5）用原子核变换方法获得的物质Substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation 主要指各种放射性同位素 （6）对平面印刷品的图案、色彩或者 二者的结合作出的主要起标识作用的设计 D
13、esigns of two-dimensional printing goods, made of the pattern, the colour or the combination of the two, which serve mainly as indicators,违反国家法律、社会公德或妨害公共利益的发明创造，不授予专利权。 No patent right shall be granted for any invention-creation that is contrary to the laws of the State or social morality or that i
14、s detrimental to public interest 如，吸毒的器具，制造假货币的设备 外观设计的图形有淫秽内容的 一种使盗窃者双目失明的防盗装置等,专利授权的实质性条件 The important requirement for grant,发明与实用新型专利申请（要求与法规不同，个人理解） Invention and Utility Models （1）说明书清楚、完整 The description ： Sufficiently public （2）权利要求清楚 The claims: clear and complete （3）具有实用性、新颖性、创造性 Practical
15、 applicability、Novelty、 Inventiveness,实用性 Practical applicability 能够制造或使用；且能够产生积极效果 示例：永动机（违反客观规律） The invention or utility model can be made or used and can produce effective results. 新颖性 Novelty 不属于现有技术 不存在抵触申请 The invention or utility model concerned is not an existing technology; no patent appli
16、cation is filed by any unit or individual for any identical invention or utility model with the patent administration department under the State Council before the date of application for patent right, and no identical invention or utility model is recorded in the patent application documents or the patent documentations which are published or announced after the date of application. 创造性Inventiveness 发明：有突出的实质性特点，显著进步 实用新型：有实质性特点，进步 As compared with the technology existing befo
