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1、商务合同的翻译,一、商务合同概述,A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned. 在由Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为 “a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.” 合同是一种承诺，违反承
2、诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。,合同英语属于庄重文体（the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。,合同种类,正式合同 Contract 协议书 Agreement 确议书 Confirmation 备忘录 Memorandum 订单 Order 意向书 Letter of intent,1. Sales/ Purchase Contract 销售或购货合同 2. Contract for Te
3、chnology Transfer 技术转让合同 3. Contract for Joint Venture/Joint Operation 合资或合营合同 4. Contract for Compensation Trade 补偿贸易合同 5. Contract for International Engineering Projects 国际工程承包合同 6. Agency Agreement 代理协议 7. Processing Trade Contract 来料加工合同,8. Contract for Different Trade Forms 多种贸易方式相结合的合同 9. Cont
4、ract for Credits Loans 信贷合同 10. Contract for International Build-Operate-Transfer 国际BOT 投资合同 11. Contract for International Leasing Affairs 国际租赁合同 12. Contract for International Transportation 国际运输合同 13. Employment Contract 凭请雇员合同 14. Insurance Contract 保险合同,商务合同的结构,前言（Preamble） 正文（Main Body） 结尾（Fin
5、al Clauses）,1. 前言（Preamble）： A. 订约日期和地点（Date and place of signing） B. 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所（Signing parties and their nationalities） C.当事人合法依据（Each partys authority） D. 订约缘由、说明条款（Recitals or WHEREAS clause） Whereas: when in fact, considering that, that being the case,Whereas, Manufacturer is engaged in
6、the manufacture and sale of the Products; Whereas, Manufacturer is desirous of selling the Products in the Territory; Whereas, Distributor is engaged in the importation and distribution of the related products of the Products in the Territory; and Whereas, Distributor is desirous of becoming a distr
7、ibutor of the Products in the Territory. Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows: (operative part),制造人乃从事本商品制造之公司。 制造人希望在经销区域进行本商品之销售。 销售人乃在经销区域从事与本商品相关商品进口与销售之公司。 销售人希望能在经销区域代销本商品。 基于以上之认识，双方当事人遂就下列各事项达成协议：,This Share Purchase Agreement is made on the 3rd day of May, 1991 by and between_
8、&_: (1) ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA, a company organized and existing under the laws of France and having its registered office at 89 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris and (2) Mark Gilbert Handerson, an individual with nationality of the United States of America (Passport No.12345678), residing at 2199 Palm
9、Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA.,正文（Main Body） （1）Subject matter 合同标的物 （2）description and specification 有关合同标的物的描述或规定，包括数量、质量、性质、资金或价款等 （3）responsibilities and obligations 双方的责任和义务 （4）transfer of the contract 合同能否转让及合同转让的条件,（5）compensation and other obligations due to breach of the cont
10、ract 违反合同的赔偿和其他责任 （6）settlement of disputes/arbitration 合同发生争议时的解决方法 （7）force majeure and insurance 明确风险责任，约定保险范围 （8）Validity, renewal and termination of the contract 合同的有效期限，以及可以延长合同期限和提前终止合同的条件 （9）appendices 合同的附件,结尾（ Final Clauses ） A. 结尾语（Concluding Sentence）， 包括份数、使用的文字和效力等有时还包括对合同进行修改或补充的内容或附件
11、 B. 签名（Signature） C. 盖印（Seal）,措辞正式庄重,The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq. 所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。,Quality to be strictly as per the sample submitted by the Seller. 质量严格按照卖方提供的样品为准。 This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.
12、 本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。,使用术语,权利和义务 仲裁 终止 不可抗力 赔偿 合同双方 生效,rights and obligations arbitration termination force majeure compensation both parties to the contract come into force,A Japanese diet member from the Liberal Democratic Party discussed with a Chinese trading delegation yesterday on future coope
13、ration 一个日本自民党议员昨天和某个中国贸易代表团讨论了今后合作的事宜 。,用词严密、具体、准确,This agreement is made and entered into on April 16, 2007 by and between Party A and Party B. 本合约由甲方和乙方于2007年4月16日达成。,求同型同义词,null and void 无效 terms and conditions 条款 provision and stipulations 规定 agent or representative 代表 claim or allegation 主张,an
14、y part or parts of it 其中任何部分 insufficiency or inadequacy 不足 arising or resulting from 引起,求异型近义词,modification and alternation 修改和变更 obligation and liability 义务和责任 approve and accept 认可并接受 able and willing 能够与愿意,express or implied 明示或暗示 loss or damage 灭失或损坏 use, misuse or abuse 使用，误用或滥用 void and voida
15、ble 无效的和可以撤销的 voidable and void 可以撤销的甚至无效的,连续使用介词,over and above 15% over and up to 15% inclusive 15% plus or minus 5%,15%以上，超过15%（不包括15%） 15% 以上（含15%） 加减15%,缩略语及翻译,In the early 1990s the EMS was strained by the differing economic policies and conditions of its members，especially the newly reunified
16、 Germany，and Britain permanently withdrew from the system Express Mail Special邮政特快专递 European Monetary System欧洲货币体系,(4) 套语及其翻译,The undersigned buyer and seller have confirmed in accordance with the following terms and conditions. 下面签名的卖方和买方已根据以下条款确认 本协议自签订之日有效。 This agreement shall come into force on and from the day of signature.,Including but without limiting 包括但不限于 Except if and to the extent otherwise provided in the contract 除合同另有规定及在合同规定的范围外 constitute a breach hereof 构成
