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1、语法专项,Object Clause 宾语从句,一、宾语从句的概念,I like my teacher.（名词作宾语) I know him .（代词作宾语） I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）,概念：宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。,二.包含宾语从句的句子结构： 主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句,Eg: I know that he is honest.,三、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,（一）连接词,1.That：引导陈述句，常省略 2.whether/if：引导一般疑问句，意为“是否” 3.连接代词 who whom
2、 whose what which 4. 连接副词when why where how。,(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.,(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .,Do you have a penfriend ? Mary asked me（合并一
3、句）,Mary asked me I had a penfriend .,If/whether,If 与whether 的区别,I dont know _ he will come or not. I dont care of _ he is handsome. He wondered _ to stay here the next week. _ he will come is not decided.,与or not 连用只能用whether,介词后只能用whether,与to do 不定式连用只能用whether,作主语只能用whether,由连接代词what, whom, whose,
4、 which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,Where does he live ? I didnt know.(改为宾语从句,I didnt know _he _.,where,lived,（二）语序：陈述句语序,即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）,（三）时态(时态一致性） 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。 I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow. Do you kno
5、w when Mr. Smith moved here?,任 何,2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.,过去,3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用 _ 时态。例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.,一般现在,Do y
6、ou know _? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do,C,B,巩固练习：,I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。,4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _? what L
7、ily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily,C,3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here,C,5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.,A. took B. take C. takes D. will take,6 Lin
8、da said the moon_ round the earth.,A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled,A,C,7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow? A. if B. weather C. what D. which,A,8. Could you tell me _?,A. when will they leave Beijing,B. when would they leave Beijing,C. when they will le
9、ave Beijing,D. when did they leave Beijing,C,I didnt know .Will he come back?(合并一句） I didnt know_he _come back. Where did you buy your pen? Do you remember? (改为宾语从句） Do you remember _I _my pen. I dont know what I should do with the broken bike. I dont know what _ _with the broken bike. He told me .
10、The earth is round.(改为宾语从句） He told me _ the earth _round.,I didnt know .Will he come back?(合并一句） I didnt know if/whether he would come back. Where did you buy your pen? Do you remember? (改为宾语从句） Do you remember where I bought my pen. I dont know what I should do with the broken bike. I dont know wh
11、at to do with the broken bike. He told me . The earth is round.(改为宾语从句） He told me _that the earth is round.,宾 语 从 句 小 结,一.结构 1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构:主句+that + 主语 +谓语部分 2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+ if(whether) +主语 +谓语部分 3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语 +谓语部分 二主从时态关系 主句 从句 一般现在时 一般过去时 3.(特殊):任何时态 (客观、自然现象) 三.语序：陈述
12、语序,时态不变,时态相应变化,一般现在时,(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构。 eg: (2) She doesnt know what she should do next. She doesnt know_. (三）当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach 等时，从句可 简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 eg: (3) Will you please show me how I can work it out? Will you please
13、show me _. (四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order Sb. (not) to do sth 结构。 eg: (4)A: Please be quiet. B: What did Bill say? A: He asked us to be quiet.,what to do next,how to work it out,四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓 语动词是think， believe, guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定 词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动 词用肯定式
14、。 eg: (5)I dont think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (6) I dont believe he has finished the work, _? (7) He knew why Jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。 例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。,has he,didnt he,三 、宾语从句与简单句的转换 （一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 ho
15、pe, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式 结构。 eg: (1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail. I hopeto receive your e-mail _.,II.改错：,1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.,_,Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.,2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.,_,Father told me the sun always rises in the
