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1、Part Grammar省略,思维导图,为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。 一、简单句的省略 1.祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you。 (You)Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing. 请(你) 沿着这条街走，然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。,2.There be 句型的省略。 (Is there) Anything else? (还有)其他东西吗？ 3.疑问句的答语省略。 Are you fr
2、om America? Yes，I am (from America). 你来自美国吗？ 是的，我是(来自美国)。 4.感叹句的省略。在what和 how引起的感叹句中常省略主语和be动词。 What a beautiful city (it is)! (这是)多么美丽的城市呀！,二、并列句中的省略 在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。 He went out of the room and (he) closed the door. 他走出房间，关上门。 The news made me angry，but(the news made) John happy. 这条消
3、息使我生气，却让约翰高兴。 三、复合句中的省略 1.宾语从句的省略 宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。,2.状语从句的省略 表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 When(it is) necessary，I will turn t
4、o you for help. 必要的时候我会向你求助的。 Look out for cars when (you are )crossing the street. 过街时要当心车辆。 3.定语从句中的省略 若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。 The car(which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen. 他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。,四、几种特殊的省略 (一)比较结构的省略 在“the比较级，the比较级” 结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分
5、在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 The sooner (you do it)，the better (it will be). (你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。 They dont use more water than (it is) necessary. 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。,(二)不定式的省略 1.并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。 The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn. 这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。 The purpose of new technol
6、ogies is to make life easier，not to make it more difficult. 新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。,2.某些使役动词如make，let，have等，和感官动词如see，watch，notice，observe等，后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。 My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 He was noticed to leave the office. 有人注意到他离开了办公室。,3.不定式to后面的内
7、容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。 I would do it for you，but I dont know how to (do it for you). 我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。 She has succeeded in the final examination，but in fact，she ought to have (succeeded in the final examination). 她在期末考试中取得了成功，而实际上，她本就
8、该获得成功。,4.介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着看看(情况)。 (三)虚拟语气中的省略 1.虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should 提前，构成部分倒装。 Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her. If you had come here yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。,2.动词
9、advise，suggest (建议)，propose，demand，insist (坚持要求)，require，command，recommend，order 等后的宾语从句及It is .that .主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。 We insisted that they(should) go with us. 我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。 It is necessary that we(should) learn more words by heart. 我们有必要多记一些单词。 It is suggested that we(should) go to see the
10、film. 有人建议我们去看这部电影。,(四)介词的省略 1.在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词：spend time/money (in) doing sth；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth；prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth She spends half an hour(in) doing some reading every day. 她每天花半小时读书。 I have some trouble(in) learning English. 我学英语有困难。,What pre
11、vented him(from) going? 什么事阻止了他去？ 2.表示时间的介词at，on和in用在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow 等词之前，一般可省略。 We have a final exam(in) every term. 每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。,(五)使用so，not等的省略 英语中，可以使用so，not 或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 Can I put my bike here? Youd better not. 我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？ 你最好不要。 Do you think
12、our team will win? I think so. 你认为我们队会赢吗？ 我认为是这样。,.补全下列省略句 1.I listen to English every day over the radio. Sounds interesting.(将答语补全) _ interesting. 2. Do you think the fine weather will keep up? I dont believe so.(将答语补全) I dont believe _. 3.Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?
13、Id like to，but I promised Nancy to go out with her.(将答语补全) Id like to _ ，but I promised Nancy to go out with her.,It sounds,the fine weather will keep up,join you for a quick lunch before class,4.Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most havent. Only some of the students have d
14、one a first aid course but most of the students havent _. 5.Who do you suggest be sent to work there? Who do you suggest _ be sent to work there? 6.If possible，Ill arrive there on time. If _ possible，Ill arrive there on time.,done a first aid course,should,it is,7.Keep silent until asked to speak at
15、 the meeting. Keep silent until _ asked to speak at the meeting. 8.He did everything he could to help his girlfriend. He did everything _ he could _to help his girlfriend. 9.Do you know the girl he is speaking to? Do you know the girl _ he is speaking to? 10.He said that the meeting was very important and we all should attend it. He said that the meeting was very important and _ we all should attend it.,you are,that,do,whom/that/who,that,.用省略形式完成句子 1.When _(被提供帮助时)，one often says “Thank you”. 2. Will it be warmer tomorrow than today? I _ (希望是这样). 3.She came back
