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1、北京工业大学毕业设计（论文）1摘 要磁各向异性传感器(Magnetic anisotropy sensor, MAS)是一种非接触的应力测量传感器，它对于铁磁性金属构件失效的早期诊断，诸如钢铁的残余应力、蠕变及疲劳损伤等检测问题具有广阔的发展空间。本文通过设计和制作 MAS 传感器，实现对样本拉伸试件的测量。主要的工作内容包括：(1) 对 MAS 传感器测量原理进行了分析，建立了 MAS 传感器输出电压与被测试件表面应力分布之间的关系；(2)设计制作了磁各向异性传感器(MAS)；(3) 将 MAS 传感器用于对材质为 30 号钢标准拉伸试件的拉伸力检测实验，针对试验中试件加工残余应力对检测结果
2、的影响，采取多次加载方法，逐步去除残余应力。实验结果表明，MAS 传感器的输出电压信号随拉伸力的增加而不断增大，与国外文献中报道的一致，证明了 MAS 传感器对拉伸力检测的有效性。关键词：无损检测；应力；磁致伸缩；磁各向异性关键词：无损检测；应力；磁致伸缩；磁各向异性北京工业大学毕业设计（论文）2ABSTRACTMagnetic anisotropy sensor (MAS) is capable of non-contact measurement of instrument, It has broad space for development in ferromagnetic metal
3、 component failure of early diagnosissuch as The steel and iron the residual stress, creep, fatigue damage etc in detection problem.According to design and make Magnetic anisotropy sensor, the paper deal with its basic working principle and testing process, the main activities of work as follows:(1)
4、 The measuring principle of MAS sensor is analyzed, establish MAS sensor output voltage and work piece surface by testing the relationship between the distribution of stress(2) On this basis, the design and production of the magnetic anisotropy sensor (MAS), the article mainly describes its producti
5、on process(3) Tensile stresses were applied in specimen of 30 steel and Using MAS measure drawing force in test experiment, Experimental result shows that residual stress has very big affect in non-contact measurement. According to a lot of loading, residual stress will were removed. Change of MAS o
6、utput voltage to the applied stress consistent with references. proving affect of magnetic anisotropy sensor.Keywords: Nondestructive testing; Stress; Magnetostriction; Metal magnetic memory; Magnrtic anisotropy北京工业大学毕业设计（论文）3目 录1、绪论 .51.1 课题背景 .51.1.1 金属磁记忆检测技术 .51.1.2 磁各向异性检测技术 .51.2 磁各向异性发展概况 .61
7、.3 课题研究内容 .72、磁各向异性传感器 .82.1 引言 .82.2 磁各向异性应力测量原理 .82.3 输出电压的理论分析 .92.3.1没有应力的情况 .92.3.2有应力分配的情况 .112.4 磁各向异性传感器(MAS)的测量公式推导 .133、磁各向异性传感器(MAS)的设计和制作 .183.1 传感器的尺寸规格和内部构造图 .183.2 激励线圈和接收线圈的制作 .193.3 MAS传感器组装 .193.4 交流退磁技术对传感器线测量结果的影响 .203.4.1交流退磁对MAS输出电压的影响 .213.4.2退磁作用的分析 .224、对测量数据的处理 .244.1 不退磁测试试验 .244.2 退磁测试试验 .304.3 MAS 传感器有限元仿真 .
