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1、1,Oil Sands/Bitumen,认识油砂,认识油砂,油砂的前景 油砂的开采方式 蒸汽辅助重力驱油机理 CNOOC Nexen Energy ULC,3,Global Oil Reserves,Crude Oil,常规油气资源经过百年勘探开发，大型简单优质资源越来越少，随着世界经济的飞速发展，对能源的需求日益增加，非常规油气（稠油、油砂、页岩油气）资源已逐步成为新的储量增长点。,原油分类,常规与非常规油气储量比例,世界非常规油气分布,世界稠油(包括沥青油)储量约10万亿桶 (加拿大、委内瑞拉、美国、俄罗斯、中国、印度尼西亚等) 世界稠油年产量高达8000万桶以上。,加拿大稠油和油砂分布,
2、Alberta省西起安宁河,东至Fort McMurray,南到Cold Lake的三角形区域内发现了储量丰富的沥青油和油砂。 占地140,200平方公里km2。共有沥青油储量1.8万亿桶 (OOIP)。,油砂成分,成分 无机物 (75-80%,其中90%石英砂) 水(3-5%) 沥青(10-12%) 油砂地层构造疏松，孔隙度 和渗透率极高,油砂开采方法,地表开采 (Mining) 地下开采 (In Situ Production),地表开采,12,挖掘机,13,铲车,14,卡车,卡车能运载近400吨的油砂,地下开采,蒸汽吞吐(CSS Cyclic Steam Stimulation) 蒸汽辅
3、助重力驱(SAGD Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage),蒸汽吞吐,18,Invented in 1980s by Roger Butler Using steam circulation in closely-spaced, parallel horizontal wells to pre-heat the oil and rock in order to create the mobility needed for injection at sub-fracture pressures.,Prod.,Inj.,蒸汽辅助重力驱油 (SAGD Steam Assis
4、ted Gravity Drainage),19,Steamer delivers the steam to the steam chamber,Heated bitumen and condensed steam flow down to bottom of steam chamber,SAGD,Producer delivers fluids to the surface,Continuous process of steam displacing bitumen,20,21,22,23,24,Long Lake Well Pads,SAGD Design,26,Ideal SAGD,27
5、,Steam Chamber Growth,28,29,30,SAGD Production - Subcool,Pad 3 Pair 5 Failed Production Tubing from May 2008,31,32,Gas Lift Well Pair,33,ESP Well Pair,34,Primary SAGD Metric - SOR,SOR is the Steam to Oil Ratio. How much steam it takes to produce an equivalent amount of oil Investment analysts pay ve
6、ry close attention to project SORs as it is a very good metric to determine project profitability SORs in industry range from 2 to 10 Long Lake currently has a field SOR between 4 and 5 with a long term plan of about 3.5,35,Oil Sands Strategy: Integrated Extraction and Upgrading,API=(141.5/SG)-131.5
7、,Bitumen more dense than water in reservoir,PSC has density similar to diesel,36,Site Layout Photo,Well Pad Layout Photo,38,CNOOC Nexen Energy ULC,39,Nexen Headquarter in Calgary,40,Nexen Oil Sands Field in Long Lake,Long Lake performance in June 2014,Nexen Bitumen Forecast (5 years),Nexen Bitumen Forecast (20 years),OPEX & Oil Price Forecast (10 years),45,THANKS,
