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1、CHAPTER1 Hardware Concepts(硬件基础),1.1 Personal Computer,1.2 System Unit and Peripherals,1.3 Computer Components,1.4 Situation Dialogue,CHAPTER 1 Hardware Concepts,结束,1.5 Reading and Compacting,硬件英语；各相关硬件设备品牌、主要生产厂商；常用的专业术语。 到学校机房或本地电脑城参观，感受本章内容，以学到更多的专业词汇。,【主要内容】：,【学习提示】：,CHAPTER 1 Hardware Concepts,
2、返回,上一页,下一页,1.1 Personal Computer（个人计算机）,By 1990 some personal computers had become small enough to be completely portable; these included laptop computers, which could rest on ones lap; notebook computers, which were about the size of a notebook; and pocket, or palm-sized, computers, which could be
3、held in ones hand.,1990年，某些个人计算机已是十分小巧了，完全可以随身携带，如可以放置在膝上使用的便携式计算机，笔记本大小的笔记本电脑，还有可以握在手中使用的袖珍型（或称为掌上型）计算机。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.1 Personal Computer（个人计算机）,A personal computer, or PC, is a type of microcomputer designed for the use by only one person at a time. Generally, a PC is a small digital com
4、puter constructed around a microprocessor, which is a semiconductor chip that contains all the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry needed to perform the functions of a computers central processing unit ( CPU ).,个人计算机简称为PC，是一种专为个人用户设计的微型计算机，一次只能由一个人使用。一般来说，PC是一种以微处理器为中心构建起来的数字计算机。微处理器本身是一块半导体芯片，
5、包含了各种算术、逻辑、控制电路，用以实现中央处理器单元（CPU）的各项功能。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2 System Unit and Peripherals （主机及外围设备）,The hardware part of a computer system consists of the physical components and all associated equipment. They are input devices, the system unit, secondary storage, output devices, and communication
6、s devices.,计算机系统的硬件是由物理部件和其他相关设备组成的，包括输入设备、系统单元、辅助存储器、输出设备和通信设备。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2 System Unit and Peripherals （主机及外围设备）,Input devices are equipment that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the ke
7、yboard, scanner, input pen, touch screen and mouse. The keyboard on a computer looks like a typewriter keyboard, but it has additional specialized keys. A mouse is a device that typically rolls on the desktop. It directs the insertion point, or cursor, on the display screen. A mouse has one or more
8、buttons for selection commands. It is also used to draw figures.,输入设备的功能是将人所能识别的数据和程序翻译成计算机能够处理的形式。最常用的计算机输入设备包括键盘、扫描仪、输入笔、触摸屏和鼠标。计算机上的键盘就像打字机上的键盘一样，只不过另外有一些专用键位。鼠标是在桌面上移动的一种装置，用以在显示屏上控制插入点或移动光标。鼠标有一个或多个按键，用于选择命令，鼠标还可以用来绘制图形。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2.1 Monitor,1.2.2 Input device: keyboard and mouse,
9、1.2.3 System Unit,1.2.4 Printer,1.2 System Unit and Peripherals （主机及外围设备）,结束,1.2 .1 Monitor（监示器）,A display is a computer output surface that shows text and often graphic images to the computer user, using a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD) or other image projection technology. A
10、display can be distinguished according to: color capability, sharpness and viewability, screen size, and the projection technology.,显示器是一种计算机输出界面，用以将文本和图像呈现给计算机用户。显示器所使用的图像显像技术包括阴极射线管（CRT）技术、液晶显示（LCD）技术等。显示器主要有以下几项技术指标：色彩指标、清晰度、可视性、屏幕尺寸以及显像技术。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2 .2 Input device: keyboard and m
11、ouse （输入设备：键盘和鼠标）,On most computers, the keyboard is the primary text input device. (The mouse is also a primary input device but its ability to easily transmit textual information is limited. ),在大多数计算机上，键盘是主要的文本输入设备。（鼠标也是主要的输入设备，但在录入文本信息方面却能力有限。）,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2 .2 Input device: keyboard a
12、nd mouse （输入设备：键盘和鼠标）,The 101-key keyboard has four key groups: first, the function key row at the top of the keyboard; second, the main (typewriter) keypad; third, the cursor-edit keypad with arrows indicating up, down, right, and left directions for moving the cursor; and fourthly, the numeric (ca
13、lculator style) keypad, which has two operating modes (when the Num Lock indicator light is on, the keypad is in the numeric mode; to switch the keypad to the editing mode, press the Num Lock key to turn off the Num Lock indicator ) .,101键位的键盘有4个键区：第一，键盘上部的功能键区；第二，主键区（打字键区）；第三，光标/编辑键区，包括上、下、左、右四个箭头键
14、，用于移动光标；第四，数字键区（计算器式的），它具有两种工作模式（当NumLock指示灯亮时，该键区处于数字输入状态；要转换到编辑状态，只须按NumLock键，关闭NumLock指示灯即可）。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2 .3 System Unit（主机）,The system unit is the electronic circuitry housed within the computer cabinet. The two main parts of the system unit are: 1. The central processing unit (CPU)
15、, which controls and manipulates data to produce information. 2. Memory, also known as primary storage, which holds data and program instructions for processing the data.,系统部件是安装在计算机机箱中的电子线路的总称，由两个主要部分组成。 1中央处理器（CPU），控制和处理数据以输出信息。 2内部存储器，也就是主存，保存数据及处理数据的程序指令。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2 .4 Printer（打印机）
16、,A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information onto paper，usually to standard-sized sheets of paper.,作为一种外围设备，打印机从主机接收文本或图形信息，并将其传送到打印纸上，通常使用标准纸张。,显示翻译,隐藏翻译,返回,上一页,下一页,1.2 .4 Printer（打印机）,Personal computer printers can be classified as impact and non-impact printers. The dot-matrix printer has been a popular lowcost personal computer printer. Its an impact printer that strikes the paper a line at a time. The best-kn
