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1、现在完成时精讲和专练一 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二 句型：肯定句： 主语+have/ has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、
2、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词：AAA型 hurt hurt hurt let let letcost cost cost cut cut cuthit hit hit put put putse
3、t set set read read read AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came comeABB型bring brought brought buy bought boughtbuild built built burn burnt burntcatch caught caught dig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found hear heard heardhold held held keep kept kept
4、lay laid laid lead led ledlose lost lost make made mademeet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shot sit sat satstand stood stood sweep swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won wonABC型 begin began begun break broke brokenchoose chose chosen draw drew drawndrive drove
5、driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozengive gave given grow grew grownknow knew known ride rode riddenrise rose risen ring rang rungshake shook shaken sing sang sungsink sank sunk swim swam swumthrow threw thrown write wrote written
6、三用法（A）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far). (影响是:现在我没有钱花了。)I havent read Little Women yet? (影响是：我对小妇人这本书不了解。)常见标志词：ever, never, so far（到目前为止）, in the past/last few days（在过去几天） , already（已经；肯定句）, yet（已经；否定，疑问句）, before（以前）, recently（近来），just（刚刚），twice 等说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意
7、思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?难点：现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how 连用，但不能和when 连用。对时间的提问只能用How long. 如： Where have you been? Why have you turned off the TV? How long has he been in Chi
8、na? He has been in China for 4 years. 不可说：When has he been in China?（B） 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的时间状语连用(for+ 时间段)； （since+时间点）, 如:for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago), for a long time等。My uncle has worked at this factory for
9、 five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ I have been here for a long time. 注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如： (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。 错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：I have had the book for thre
10、e months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 错误：How long has your brother joined the army? 正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?短暂性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 短暂性动词 -延续性动词borrow / lend -kept She has borrowed (kept )the book since two weeks ago. catch -had Kate has caught (had) a cold for two days. buy -had Iv
11、e bought (had) this radio for 3 years. put on -worn He has put on ( ) the new coat for a week. leave/ go -been away They have left ( ) for one year. start/ begin -been on The film has begun ( ) for 8 minutes. get up - been up He has got up ( ) more than two hours. move - been out (of) Jims family ha
12、ve moved ( ) Beijing for over 2 years. finish - been over The football match has finished ( ) for two hours. open - been open The factory has opened ( ) since 2010. close - been closed The factory has closed ( ) for 2 months. die -been dead The old man has died ( ) since three years ago. join -been
13、in / been a member (of) Her father has joined ( ) the Party for ten years. Her father has joined( )the Party for ten years. come/ become/ arrive -been (in) They have come to ( )this school since 2000third四、 句型转换延续性动词的现在完成时的句型可以转换成：1、短暂性动词的一般过去式 + 一段时间 + ago2、短暂性动词的一般过去式 + in + 过去某一时间。3、It is (has been) + 一段时间 +since + 短暂性动词的一般过去式4、一段时间 + has passed + 短暂性
